use crate::models::{CaptionStyle, Clip, CutMode};
use crate::services::dependency_manager::ffmpeg_bin;
use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read as _};
use std::path::Path;
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

/// Strip YouTube auto-generated VTT karaoke tags and positioning metadata
/// that confuse ffmpeg's VTT parser / mov_text conversion.
/// Returns the path to a cleaned temp VTT file.
#[allow(dead_code)] // Scaffolded for caption burn-in pipeline
pub fn sanitize_vtt_for_ffmpeg(caption_path: &str, temp_dir: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(caption_path)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read VTT file '{}': {e}", caption_path))?;

    std::fs::create_dir_all(temp_dir)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create temp dir for sanitized VTT: {e}"))?;

    let out_path = Path::new(temp_dir).join("sanitized.vtt");
    let mut output = String::with_capacity(content.len());

    for line in content.lines() {
        if line.contains("-->") {
            // Strip positioning metadata (align:start position:0% etc.) from timestamp lines
            if let Some(arrow_end) = line.find("-->") {
                let after_arrow = &line[arrow_end + 3..];
                // Find end of the second timestamp (digits, colons, dots/commas)
                let ts_end = after_arrow
                    .find(|c: char| !c.is_ascii_digit() && c != ':' && c != '.' && c != ',' && c != ' ')
                    .unwrap_or(after_arrow.len());
                let cleaned = format!("{}{}", &line[..arrow_end + 3], &after_arrow[..ts_end].trim_end());
                output.push_str(&cleaned);
            } else {
                output.push_str(line);
            }
        } else {
            // Strip inline tags: <c>, </c>, and inline timestamps like <00:00:00.599>
            let cleaned = strip_vtt_tags(line);
            output.push_str(&cleaned);
        }
        output.push('\n');
    }

    std::fs::write(&out_path, &output)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write sanitized VTT: {e}"))?;

    Ok(out_path.to_string_lossy().to_string())
}

/// Sanitize a VTT file AND trim it to a clip's time range, shifting timestamps
/// to start from 0. Used for mux mode where the video uses input seeking
/// (output PTS starts at ~0) so subtitle timestamps must also start from 0.
pub fn trim_and_sanitize_vtt(
    caption_path: &str,
    temp_dir: &str,
    start_time: f64,
    end_time: f64,
) -> Result<String, String> {
    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(caption_path)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read VTT file '{}': {e}", caption_path))?;

    std::fs::create_dir_all(temp_dir)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create temp dir for trimmed VTT: {e}"))?;

    let out_path = Path::new(temp_dir).join("trimmed.vtt");
    let mut output = String::from("WEBVTT\n\n");

    // Split into blocks on blank lines, process each cue
    let blocks = content.replace("\r\n", "\n");
    let blocks: Vec<&str> = blocks.split("\n\n").collect();

    for block in &blocks {
        let lines: Vec<&str> = block.trim().lines().collect();
        // Find the timestamp line
        let ts_idx = lines.iter().position(|l| l.contains("-->"));
        let ts_idx = match ts_idx {
            Some(i) => i,
            None => continue,
        };

        let ts_line = lines[ts_idx];
        // Parse the two timestamps from the line
        let (cue_start, cue_end) = match parse_vtt_timestamp_line(ts_line) {
            Some(pair) => pair,
            None => continue,
        };

        // Skip cues outside the clip range
        if cue_end <= start_time || cue_start >= end_time {
            continue;
        }

        // Clamp and shift to start from 0
        let shifted_start = (cue_start - start_time).max(0.0);
        let shifted_end = (cue_end - start_time).min(end_time - start_time);

        if shifted_end <= shifted_start {
            continue;
        }

        // Write the cue with shifted timestamps and sanitized text
        output.push_str(&format_vtt_timestamp(shifted_start));
        output.push_str(" --> ");
        output.push_str(&format_vtt_timestamp(shifted_end));
        output.push('\n');

        // Collect text lines (everything after the timestamp line), sanitize tags
        for &line in &lines[ts_idx + 1..] {
            let cleaned = strip_vtt_tags(line);
            let cleaned = cleaned.trim();
            if !cleaned.is_empty() {
                output.push_str(cleaned);
                output.push('\n');
            }
        }
        output.push('\n');
    }

    std::fs::write(&out_path, &output)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write trimmed VTT: {e}"))?;

    Ok(out_path.to_string_lossy().to_string())
}

/// Parse a VTT timestamp line like "00:01:23.456 --> 00:02:34.567 align:start"
/// Returns (start_seconds, end_seconds) or None if parsing fails.
fn parse_vtt_timestamp_line(line: &str) -> Option<(f64, f64)> {
    let arrow_pos = line.find("-->")?;
    let before = line[..arrow_pos].trim();
    let after_arrow = &line[arrow_pos + 3..];
    // The end timestamp ends at the first non-timestamp character
    let end_ts_str = after_arrow
        .trim_start()
        .split(|c: char| !c.is_ascii_digit() && c != ':' && c != '.' && c != ',')
        .next()?;

    Some((parse_vtt_ts(before)?, parse_vtt_ts(end_ts_str)?))
}

/// Parse a single VTT timestamp "HH:MM:SS.mmm" or "MM:SS.mmm" into seconds.
fn parse_vtt_ts(ts: &str) -> Option<f64> {
    let normalized = ts.replace(',', ".");
    let parts: Vec<&str> = normalized.split(':').collect();
    match parts.len() {
        3 => {
            let h: f64 = parts[0].parse().ok()?;
            let m: f64 = parts[1].parse().ok()?;
            let s: f64 = parts[2].parse().ok()?;
            Some(h * 3600.0 + m * 60.0 + s)
        }
        2 => {
            let m: f64 = parts[0].parse().ok()?;
            let s: f64 = parts[1].parse().ok()?;
            Some(m * 60.0 + s)
        }
        _ => None,
    }
}

/// Format seconds as a VTT timestamp "HH:MM:SS.mmm".
fn format_vtt_timestamp(secs: f64) -> String {
    let total_ms = (secs * 1000.0).round() as u64;
    let ms = total_ms % 1000;
    let total_s = total_ms / 1000;
    let s = total_s % 60;
    let total_m = total_s / 60;
    let m = total_m % 60;
    let h = total_m / 60;
    format!("{:02}:{:02}:{:02}.{:03}", h, m, s, ms)
}

fn strip_vtt_tags(line: &str) -> String {
    let mut result = String::with_capacity(line.len());
    let mut in_tag = false;
    let mut chars = line.chars().peekable();

    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
        if c == '<' {
            in_tag = true;
        } else if c == '>' {
            in_tag = false;
        } else if !in_tag {
            result.push(c);
        }
    }

    result
}

/// Convert a hex color "#RRGGBB" to ASS color format "&H00BBGGRR".
/// ASS uses BGR byte order with an alpha prefix byte (00 = fully opaque).
fn hex_to_ass_color(hex: &str) -> String {
    let hex = hex.trim_start_matches('#');
    if hex.len() >= 6 {
        let r = &hex[0..2];
        let g = &hex[2..4];
        let b = &hex[4..6];
        format!("&H00{}{}{}", b.to_uppercase(), g.to_uppercase(), r.to_uppercase())
    } else {
        "&H00FFFFFF".to_string()
    }
}

/// Convert a background opacity (0.0=transparent, 1.0=opaque) to ASS BackColour.
/// ASS alpha: 00=opaque, FF=transparent (inverted from CSS).
#[allow(dead_code)] // Scaffolded for caption burn-in pipeline
fn opacity_to_ass_back_colour(opacity: f64) -> String {
    let alpha = ((1.0 - opacity.clamp(0.0, 1.0)) * 255.0).round() as u8;
    format!("&H{:02X}000000", alpha)
}

/// Build an ASS force_style string from user caption settings.
#[allow(dead_code)] // Scaffolded for caption burn-in pipeline
fn caption_style_to_force_style(style: &CaptionStyle) -> String {
    let font_size = (style.font_size as f64 * 2.0).round() as u32;
    let primary_colour = hex_to_ass_color(&style.text_color);
    let back_colour = opacity_to_ass_back_colour(style.background_opacity);
    let (outline, shadow) = if style.text_outline {
        ("2", "1")
    } else {
        ("0", "0")
    };
    // ASS Alignment: 2 = bottom-center, 8 = top-center
    let alignment = if style.position == "top" { "8" } else { "2" };
    let margin_v = if style.position == "top" { "40" } else { "40" };

    format!(
        "Fontsize={},PrimaryColour={},BackColour={},Outline={},Shadow={},Alignment={},MarginV={},BorderStyle=4",
        font_size, primary_colour, back_colour, outline, shadow, alignment, margin_v
    )
}

/// Convert a hex color "#RRGGBB" to ASS color with a specific alpha.
/// Returns "&H<AA><BB><GG><RR>" format.
fn hex_to_ass_color_with_alpha(hex: &str, alpha: u8) -> String {
    let hex = hex.trim_start_matches('#');
    if hex.len() >= 6 {
        let r = &hex[0..2];
        let g = &hex[2..4];
        let b = &hex[4..6];
        format!("&H{:02X}{}{}{}", alpha, b.to_uppercase(), g.to_uppercase(), r.to_uppercase())
    } else {
        format!("&H{:02X}FFFFFF", alpha)
    }
}

/// Format seconds as an ASS timestamp "H:MM:SS.cc" (centiseconds, not milliseconds).
fn format_ass_timestamp(secs: f64) -> String {
    let total_cs = (secs * 100.0).round() as u64;
    let cs = total_cs % 100;
    let total_s = total_cs / 100;
    let s = total_s % 60;
    let total_m = total_s / 60;
    let m = total_m % 60;
    let h = total_m / 60;
    format!("{}:{:02}:{:02}.{:02}", h, m, s, cs)
}

/// Parse word-level timing data from YouTube-style VTT cue text.
/// Returns a Vec of (word_text, start_time_seconds) pairs.
///
/// YouTube format: `the<00:00:00.599><c> gym</c><00:00:00.840><c> I</c>`
fn parse_vtt_word_timings(raw_text: &str, cue_start: f64) -> Vec<(String, f64)> {
    if !raw_text.contains("<c>") {
        return Vec::new();
    }

    let mut segments: Vec<(String, f64)> = Vec::new();

    // Find the first timestamp tag position
    let first_ts_pos = find_timestamp_tag_pos(raw_text);

    // Extract leading text (before any timestamp tag)
    if let Some(pos) = first_ts_pos {
        if pos > 0 {
            let leading = strip_vtt_tags(&raw_text[..pos]).trim().to_string();
            if !leading.is_empty() {
                segments.push((leading, cue_start));
            }
        }
    }

    // Parse <timestamp><c> word</c> pairs
    let mut search_from = 0;
    while search_from < raw_text.len() {
        // Find next timestamp tag like <00:00:05.320>
        if let Some((ts_val, ts_end)) = find_next_timestamp(raw_text, search_from) {
            // After the timestamp, expect <c>...</c>
            let after_ts = &raw_text[ts_end..];
            if let Some(c_start) = after_ts.find("<c>") {
                let content_start = c_start + 3;
                if let Some(c_end) = after_ts[content_start..].find("</c>") {
                    let word = after_ts[content_start..content_start + c_end].trim().to_string();
                    if !word.is_empty() {
                        if let Some(time) = parse_vtt_ts(&ts_val) {
                            segments.push((word, time));
                        }
                    }
                    search_from = ts_end + content_start + c_end + 4; // past </c>
                    continue;
                }
            }
            search_from = ts_end;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    segments
}

/// Find the byte position of the first `<HH:MM:SS.mmm>` tag in text.
fn find_timestamp_tag_pos(text: &str) -> Option<usize> {
    let mut i = 0;
    let bytes = text.as_bytes();
    while i < bytes.len() {
        if bytes[i] == b'<' && i + 1 < bytes.len() && bytes[i + 1].is_ascii_digit() {
            // Check if this looks like a timestamp tag
            if let Some(end) = text[i..].find('>') {
                let inner = &text[i + 1..i + end];
                if inner.contains(':') && inner.contains('.') {
                    return Some(i);
                }
            }
        }
        i += 1;
    }
    None
}

/// Find the next `<HH:MM:SS.mmm>` timestamp tag starting from `from`.
/// Returns (timestamp_string, byte_position_after_closing_bracket).
fn find_next_timestamp(text: &str, from: usize) -> Option<(String, usize)> {
    let slice = &text[from..];
    let mut i = 0;
    let bytes = slice.as_bytes();
    while i < bytes.len() {
        if bytes[i] == b'<' && i + 1 < bytes.len() && bytes[i + 1].is_ascii_digit() {
            if let Some(end_rel) = slice[i..].find('>') {
                let inner = &slice[i + 1..i + end_rel];
                if inner.contains(':') && (inner.contains('.') || inner.contains(',')) {
                    return Some((inner.to_string(), from + i + end_rel + 1));
                }
            }
        }
        i += 1;
    }
    None
}

/// A single spoken line extracted from a YouTube VTT cue.
/// Used to build the paged teleprompter subtitle display.
struct SpokenLine {
    plain_text: String,
    raw_text: String,
    start_time: f64,
    end_time: f64,
    has_karaoke: bool,
    is_non_speech: bool,
}

/// Extract a flat sequence of spoken lines from YouTube auto-generated VTT content.
/// Skips zero-duration transition cues and extracts only the active (karaoke) line
/// from two-line cues.
fn extract_spoken_lines(content: &str) -> Vec<SpokenLine> {
    let normalized = content.replace("\r\n", "\n");
    let blocks: Vec<&str> = normalized.split("\n\n").collect();
    let mut lines = Vec::new();

    for block in &blocks {
        let block_lines: Vec<&str> = block.trim().lines().collect();
        let ts_idx = block_lines.iter().position(|l| l.contains("-->"));
        let ts_idx = match ts_idx {
            Some(i) => i,
            None => continue,
        };

        let ts_line = block_lines[ts_idx];
        let (cue_start, cue_end) = match parse_vtt_timestamp_line(ts_line) {
            Some(pair) => pair,
            None => continue,
        };

        // Skip zero-duration transition cues (YouTube uses e.g. 00:02.629 --> 00:02.639)
        if (cue_end - cue_start) < 0.05 {
            continue;
        }

        let text_lines: Vec<&str> = block_lines[ts_idx + 1..].iter().copied().collect();
        if text_lines.is_empty() {
            continue;
        }

        // Find the karaoke line (contains <c> tags)
        let karaoke_line = text_lines.iter().find(|l| l.contains("<c>"));

        if let Some(raw) = karaoke_line {
            let plain = strip_vtt_tags(raw).trim().to_string();
            if !plain.is_empty() {
                lines.push(SpokenLine {
                    plain_text: plain,
                    raw_text: raw.to_string(),
                    start_time: cue_start,
                    end_time: cue_end,
                    has_karaoke: true,
                    is_non_speech: false,
                });
            }
        } else {
            // No karaoke — could be plain text or non-speech like [Music]
            let all_text: Vec<String> = text_lines.iter()
                .map(|l| strip_vtt_tags(l).trim().to_string())
                .filter(|l| !l.is_empty())
                .collect();
            let joined = all_text.join(" ");
            if joined.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }
            let is_non_speech = joined.starts_with('[') && joined.ends_with(']');
            lines.push(SpokenLine {
                plain_text: joined.clone(),
                raw_text: joined,
                start_time: cue_start,
                end_time: cue_end,
                has_karaoke: false,
                is_non_speech,
            });
        }
    }

    lines
}

/// Group spoken lines into 2-line pages for the teleprompter display.
/// If the gap between two consecutive lines exceeds `gap_threshold` seconds,
/// the pair is split into separate single-line pages.
/// Non-speech lines (e.g., [Music]) always get their own page.
fn group_into_pages(spoken_lines: &[SpokenLine], gap_threshold: f64) -> Vec<Vec<usize>> {
    let mut pages: Vec<Vec<usize>> = Vec::new();
    let mut i = 0;

    while i < spoken_lines.len() {
        let line = &spoken_lines[i];

        if line.is_non_speech {
            pages.push(vec![i]);
            i += 1;
            continue;
        }

        if i + 1 < spoken_lines.len() {
            let next = &spoken_lines[i + 1];
            let gap = next.start_time - line.end_time;

            if gap <= gap_threshold && !next.is_non_speech {
                pages.push(vec![i, i + 1]);
                i += 2;
                continue;
            }
        }

        pages.push(vec![i]);
        i += 1;
    }

    pages
}

/// Build karaoke text for a 1-or-2-line page, stitching word timings
/// across lines with \N as the visual line break. The \k durations flow
/// continuously so karaoke highlighting progresses top-to-bottom.
fn build_page_karaoke_text(lines: &[&SpokenLine]) -> String {
    struct WordEntry {
        text: String,
        start: f64,
        is_line_break_before: bool,
    }

    let mut entries: Vec<WordEntry> = Vec::new();

    for (line_idx, line) in lines.iter().enumerate() {
        let is_new_line = line_idx > 0;

        if line.has_karaoke {
            let words = parse_vtt_word_timings(&line.raw_text, line.start_time);
            if words.len() >= 2 {
                for (w_idx, (word, start)) in words.iter().enumerate() {
                    entries.push(WordEntry {
                        text: word.clone(),
                        start: *start,
                        is_line_break_before: is_new_line && w_idx == 0,
                    });
                }
            } else {
                entries.push(WordEntry {
                    text: strip_vtt_tags(&line.raw_text),
                    start: line.start_time,
                    is_line_break_before: is_new_line,
                });
            }
        } else {
            entries.push(WordEntry {
                text: line.plain_text.clone(),
                start: line.start_time,
                is_line_break_before: is_new_line,
            });
        }
    }

    if entries.is_empty() {
        return String::new();
    }

    let page_end = lines.last().unwrap().end_time;

    let mut parts: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
    for (i, entry) in entries.iter().enumerate() {
        let next_start = if i + 1 < entries.len() {
            entries[i + 1].start
        } else {
            page_end
        };
        let duration_cs = ((next_start - entry.start) * 100.0).round().max(1.0) as u64;

        let prefix = if entry.is_line_break_before {
            "\\N"
        } else if i > 0 {
            " "
        } else {
            ""
        };
        parts.push(format!("{}{{\\k{}}}{}", prefix, duration_cs, entry.text));
    }

    parts.join("")
}

/// Convert a word-timed VTT file to an ASS file with paged teleprompter display.
/// Lines are grouped into 2-line pages. Karaoke \k tags flow continuously from
/// line 1 through line 2 within each page. Pages cross-fade with \fad transitions.
pub fn vtt_to_ass_with_karaoke(
    caption_path: &str,
    temp_dir: &str,
    style: Option<&CaptionStyle>,
) -> Result<String, String> {
    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(caption_path)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to read VTT file '{}': {e}", caption_path))?;

    std::fs::create_dir_all(temp_dir)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to create temp dir for ASS: {e}"))?;

    let out_path = Path::new(temp_dir).join("karaoke.ass");

    // Font
    let font_name = style.map_or("Arial".to_string(), |s| s.font_family.clone());
    let font_size = style.map_or(50, |s| (s.font_size as f64 * 2.75).round() as u32);
    let bold_flag: i32 = if style.map_or(true, |s| s.bold) { -1 } else { 0 };

    // Colors
    let primary_colour = style.map_or("&H00FFFFFF".to_string(), |s| hex_to_ass_color(&s.text_color));
    let outline_colour = style.map_or("&H00000000".to_string(), |s| hex_to_ass_color(&s.outline_color));

    // Dimmed color (SecondaryColour) — auto derives from text color, custom uses direct color
    let secondary_colour = style.map_or("&H73CCCCCC".to_string(), |s| {
        if s.dimmed_color_mode == "custom" {
            hex_to_ass_color(&s.dimmed_color)
        } else {
            let alpha = ((1.0 - s.dimmed_opacity.clamp(0.0, 1.0)) * 255.0).round() as u8;
            hex_to_ass_color_with_alpha(&s.text_color, alpha)
        }
    });

    // Background/Shadow mutual exclusivity
    let bg_enabled = style.map_or(true, |s| s.background_enabled);
    let shadow_enabled = style.map_or(false, |s| s.shadow_enabled);
    let text_outline = style.map_or(true, |s| s.text_outline);

    let (border_style, outline_val, shadow_val, back_colour) = if bg_enabled {
        // Background mode: box + optional outline, no shadow
        let bc = style.map_or("&H80000000".to_string(), |s| {
            let alpha = ((1.0 - s.background_opacity.clamp(0.0, 1.0)) * 255.0).round() as u8;
            hex_to_ass_color_with_alpha(&s.background_color, alpha)
        });
        let bs = if text_outline { 4 } else { 3 };
        let ol = if text_outline { 2 } else { 0 };
        (bs, ol, 0, bc)
    } else if shadow_enabled {
        // Shadow mode: outline + shadow, no box
        let sc = style.map_or("&H00000000".to_string(), |s| hex_to_ass_color(&s.shadow_color));
        let sd = style.map_or(2, |s| s.shadow_depth) as i32;
        let ol = if text_outline { 2 } else { 0 };
        (1, ol, sd, sc)
    } else {
        // Neither: just outline if enabled
        let ol = if text_outline { 2 } else { 0 };
        (1, ol, 0, "&HFF000000".to_string()) // fully transparent back
    };

    let word_highlight = style.map_or(true, |s| s.word_highlight);
    let margin_v: i32 = 40;

    let mut output = String::new();

    output.push_str("[Script Info]\n");
    output.push_str("ScriptType: v4.00+\n");
    output.push_str("PlayResX: 1920\n");
    output.push_str("PlayResY: 1080\n");
    output.push_str("WrapStyle: 0\n");
    output.push_str("ScaledBorderAndShadow: yes\n");
    output.push('\n');

    output.push_str("[V4+ Styles]\n");
    output.push_str("Format: Name, Fontname, Fontsize, PrimaryColour, SecondaryColour, OutlineColour, BackColour, Bold, Italic, Underline, StrikeOut, ScaleX, ScaleY, Spacing, Angle, BorderStyle, Outline, Shadow, Alignment, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Encoding\n");
    output.push_str(&format!(
        "Style: Default,{},{},{},{},{},{},{},0,0,0,100,100,0,0,{},{},{},2,20,20,{},1\n",
        font_name, font_size, primary_colour, secondary_colour, outline_colour, back_colour,
        bold_flag, border_style, outline_val, shadow_val, margin_v
    ));
    output.push('\n');

    output.push_str("[Events]\n");
    output.push_str("Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text\n");

    let spoken_lines = extract_spoken_lines(&content);
    let gap_threshold = 2.0;
    let fade_ms = 100; // per-page fade in/out duration (sequential, no overlap)
    let fade_s = fade_ms as f64 / 1000.0;
    let hold_s = 100.0 / 1000.0; // hold fully visible after last word before fading out

    let pages = group_into_pages(&spoken_lines, gap_threshold);
    let page_count = pages.len();

    let cx = 960;
    let y_bottom = 1080 - margin_v;

    for (page_idx, page_indices) in pages.iter().enumerate() {
        let page_lines: Vec<&SpokenLine> = page_indices.iter().map(|&i| &spoken_lines[i]).collect();
        let first_line = page_lines[0];
        let last_line = *page_lines.last().unwrap();

        if page_lines.len() == 1 && first_line.is_non_speech {
            output.push_str(&format!(
                "Dialogue: 0,{},{},Default,,0,0,0,,{{\\an2\\pos({},{})}}{}\n",
                format_ass_timestamp(first_line.start_time),
                format_ass_timestamp(first_line.end_time),
                cx, y_bottom,
                first_line.plain_text
            ));
            continue;
        }

        let natural_start = first_line.start_time;
        let natural_end = last_line.end_time;

        let is_first = page_idx == 0;
        let is_last = page_idx == page_count - 1;

        // No overlap — each page fades in/out independently (sequential)
        let display_start = natural_start;
        let display_end = if is_last {
            natural_end
        } else {
            natural_end + hold_s + fade_s
        };

        let fade_in = if is_first { 0 } else { fade_ms };
        let fade_out = if is_last { 0 } else { fade_ms };

        let page_text = if word_highlight {
            build_page_karaoke_text(&page_lines)
        } else {
            page_lines.iter().map(|l| l.plain_text.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\\N")
        };

        output.push_str(&format!(
            "Dialogue: 0,{},{},Default,,0,0,0,,{{\\an2\\pos({},{})\\fad({},{})}}{}\n",
            format_ass_timestamp(display_start),
            format_ass_timestamp(display_end),
            cx, y_bottom,
            fade_in, fade_out,
            page_text
        ));
    }

    std::fs::write(&out_path, &output)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write ASS file: {e}"))?;

    Ok(out_path.to_string_lossy().to_string())
}

/// Parse `out_time_ms=<microseconds>` from ffmpeg's `-progress` output.
/// Returns the time in seconds.
fn parse_progress_time_us(line: &str) -> Option<f64> {
    let val = line.strip_prefix("out_time_ms=")?;
    let us: i64 = val.trim().parse().ok()?;
    if us < 0 {
        return None;
    }
    Some(us as f64 / 1_000_000.0)
}

/// Run an ffmpeg command with real-time progress reporting.
/// Uses ffmpeg's `-progress pipe:1 -nostats` flag to get machine-readable
/// `\n`-delimited progress on stdout (avoids the `\r`-only stderr issue).
/// Calls `on_progress(percent)` with values 0.0..=1.0 as encoding proceeds.
fn run_ffmpeg_with_progress(
    args: &[String],
    duration: f64,
    on_progress: &dyn Fn(f64),
) -> Result<(), String> {
    // Inject -progress pipe:1 -nostats before the output file (last arg)
    let mut full_args = args.to_vec();
    if let Some(output_pos) = full_args.len().checked_sub(1) {
        full_args.insert(output_pos, "-nostats".to_string());
        full_args.insert(output_pos, "pipe:1".to_string());
        full_args.insert(output_pos, "-progress".to_string());
    }

    let mut child = Command::new(ffmpeg_bin())
        .args(&full_args)
        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
        .spawn()
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to run ffmpeg: {e}"))?;

    // Read progress from stdout (-progress pipe:1 outputs \n-delimited key=value)
    let stderr_handle = child.stderr.take().map(|stderr| {
        std::thread::spawn(move || {
            let mut buf = String::new();
            let mut reader = BufReader::new(stderr);
            let _ = reader.read_to_string(&mut buf);
            buf
        })
    });

    if let Some(stdout) = child.stdout.take() {
        let reader = BufReader::new(stdout);
        for line in reader.lines().map_while(Result::ok) {
            if let Some(time_secs) = parse_progress_time_us(&line) {
                let percent = if duration > 0.0 {
                    (time_secs / duration).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
                } else {
                    0.0
                };
                on_progress(percent);
            }
        }
    }

    let status = child.wait().map_err(|e| format!("ffmpeg wait failed: {e}"))?;

    if !status.success() {
        let stderr_text = stderr_handle
            .and_then(|h| h.join().ok())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        return Err(format!("ffmpeg export failed: {}", stderr_text));
    }
    on_progress(1.0);
    Ok(())
}

pub fn build_ffmpeg_args(
    clip: &Clip,
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
) -> Vec<String> {
    let mut args = vec![
        "-y".to_string(),
        "-ss".to_string(),
        format!("{}", clip.start_time),
        "-to".to_string(),
        format!("{}", clip.end_time),
        "-i".to_string(),
        source.to_string(),
    ];

    match cut_mode {
        CutMode::Lossless => {
            args.extend(["-c".to_string(), "copy".to_string()]);
        }
        CutMode::Precise { format: _ } => {
            let ext = Path::new(output)
                .extension()
                .map(|e| e.to_string_lossy().to_ascii_lowercase())
                .unwrap_or_default();
            let (video_codec, audio_codec) = match ext.as_str() {
                "webm" => ("libvpx-vp9", "libopus"),
                "mp4" | "mkv" => ("libx264", "aac"),
                _ => ("libx264", "aac"),
            };
            args.extend([
                "-c:v".to_string(),
                video_codec.to_string(),
                "-c:a".to_string(),
                audio_codec.to_string(),
            ]);
        }
    }

    args.push(output.to_string());
    args
}

/// Build ffmpeg args for exporting a clip with subtitles muxed as a track.
/// Works with both lossless and precise cut modes.
/// `caption_path` must be a pre-trimmed VTT (timestamps shifted to start from 0)
/// produced by `trim_and_sanitize_vtt()`.
pub fn build_ffmpeg_args_mux_subs(
    clip: &Clip,
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
    caption_path: &str,
) -> Vec<String> {
    let ext = Path::new(output)
        .extension()
        .map(|e| e.to_string_lossy().to_ascii_lowercase())
        .unwrap_or_default();

    let sub_codec = match ext.as_str() {
        "mp4" | "m4v" => "mov_text",
        "mkv" => "srt",
        _ => "mov_text",
    };

    let duration = clip.end_time - clip.start_time;

    // Use INPUT seeking on the video (-ss/-t BEFORE -i) for speed (especially
    // lossless). The pre-trimmed VTT already has timestamps starting from 0
    // to match the video output PTS.
    let mut args = vec![
        "-y".to_string(),
        "-ss".to_string(),
        format!("{}", clip.start_time),
        "-t".to_string(),
        format!("{}", duration),
        "-i".to_string(),
        source.to_string(),
        "-i".to_string(),
        caption_path.to_string(),
        "-map".to_string(),
        "0:v".to_string(),
        "-map".to_string(),
        "0:a".to_string(),
        "-map".to_string(),
        "1:s".to_string(),
    ];

    match cut_mode {
        CutMode::Lossless => {
            args.extend([
                "-c:v".to_string(),
                "copy".to_string(),
                "-c:a".to_string(),
                "copy".to_string(),
            ]);
        }
        CutMode::Precise { format: _ } => {
            let (video_codec, audio_codec) = match ext.as_str() {
                "webm" => ("libvpx-vp9", "libopus"),
                "mp4" | "mkv" => ("libx264", "aac"),
                _ => ("libx264", "aac"),
            };
            args.extend([
                "-c:v".to_string(),
                video_codec.to_string(),
                "-c:a".to_string(),
                audio_codec.to_string(),
            ]);
        }
    }

    args.extend(["-c:s".to_string(), sub_codec.to_string()]);
    args.push(output.to_string());
    args
}

/// Build ffmpeg args for exporting a clip with subtitles burned into the video.
/// Always re-encodes. If the user selected lossless, we override to H.264/AAC.
/// `caption_path` should be an ASS file (from `vtt_to_ass_with_karaoke()`) with
/// style and karaoke tags baked in. Uses the `ass=` filter (not `subtitles=`)
/// to preserve `\kf` karaoke timing through libass.
pub fn build_ffmpeg_args_burnin_subs(
    clip: &Clip,
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
    caption_path: &str,
    _caption_style: Option<&CaptionStyle>,
) -> Vec<String> {
    let ext = Path::new(output)
        .extension()
        .map(|e| e.to_string_lossy().to_ascii_lowercase())
        .unwrap_or_default();

    let (video_codec, audio_codec) = match cut_mode {
        CutMode::Precise { format: _ } => match ext.as_str() {
            "webm" => ("libvpx-vp9", "libopus"),
            "mp4" | "mkv" => ("libx264", "aac"),
            _ => ("libx264", "aac"),
        },
        // Lossless override — burn-in requires re-encoding
        CutMode::Lossless => ("libx264", "aac"),
    };

    // Escape the path for the ffmpeg ass filter (colons and backslashes)
    let escaped_path = caption_path
        .replace('\\', "\\\\")
        .replace(':', "\\:")
        .replace("'", "\\'");

    let duration = clip.end_time - clip.start_time;

    // Use the `ass=` filter, NOT `subtitles=`. The `subtitles` filter routes
    // through libavformat and can flatten karaoke \kf tags. The `ass` filter
    // passes the file directly to libass, preserving all override tags.
    // Style is baked into the ASS [V4+ Styles] header, no force_style needed.
    let vf = format!("ass={}", escaped_path);

    // Use output seeking (-ss/-t AFTER -i) so the ass filter reads
    // the original timestamps and they match the output time range.
    vec![
        "-y".to_string(),
        "-i".to_string(),
        source.to_string(),
        "-ss".to_string(),
        format!("{}", clip.start_time),
        "-t".to_string(),
        format!("{}", duration),
        "-vf".to_string(),
        vf,
        "-c:v".to_string(),
        video_codec.to_string(),
        "-c:a".to_string(),
        audio_codec.to_string(),
        output.to_string(),
    ]
}

pub fn expand_tilde_path(path: &str) -> String {
    if path == "~" {
        return dirs::home_dir()
            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
            .unwrap_or_else(|| path.to_string());
    }
    if let Some(rest) = path.strip_prefix("~/") {
        if let Some(home) = dirs::home_dir() {
            return home.join(rest).to_string_lossy().to_string();
        }
    }
    path.to_string()
}

pub fn generate_output_path(
    output_dir: &str,
    video_title: &str,
    clip_label: &str,
    extension: &str,
) -> String {
    let sanitized_title = sanitize_filename(video_title);
    let sanitized_label = sanitize_filename(clip_label);
    let base = format!(
        "{}/{} - {}.{}",
        output_dir, sanitized_title, sanitized_label, extension
    );

    if !Path::new(&base).exists() {
        return base;
    }

    for i in 2..100 {
        let candidate = format!(
            "{}/{} - {} ({}).{}",
            output_dir, sanitized_title, sanitized_label, i, extension
        );
        if !Path::new(&candidate).exists() {
            return candidate;
        }
    }

    base
}

fn sanitize_filename(name: &str) -> String {
    name.chars()
        .map(|c| {
            if c == '/'
                || c == '\\'
                || c == ':'
                || c == '"'
                || c == '|'
                || c == '?'
                || c == '*'
                || c == '<'
                || c == '>'
            {
                '_'
            } else {
                c
            }
        })
        .collect()
}

pub fn get_extension(source: &str, cut_mode: &CutMode) -> String {
    match cut_mode {
        CutMode::Lossless => Path::new(source)
            .extension()
            .map(|e| e.to_string_lossy().to_string())
            .unwrap_or_else(|| "mp4".to_string()),
        CutMode::Precise { format } => format.clone(),
    }
}

pub fn export_single_clip(
    clip: &Clip,
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
    on_progress: &dyn Fn(f64),
) -> Result<(), String> {
    let args = build_ffmpeg_args(clip, source, output, cut_mode);
    let duration = clip.end_time - clip.start_time;
    run_ffmpeg_with_progress(&args, duration, on_progress)
}

pub fn export_single_clip_with_subs(
    clip: &Clip,
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
    caption_path: &str,
    burn_in: bool,
    caption_style: Option<&CaptionStyle>,
    on_progress: &dyn Fn(f64),
) -> Result<(), String> {
    let temp_dir = std::env::temp_dir()
        .join("video-clipper-subs-sanitize")
        .to_string_lossy()
        .to_string();

    let args = if burn_in {
        // Convert VTT to ASS with karaoke \kf tags and style baked into the header
        let ass_path = vtt_to_ass_with_karaoke(caption_path, &temp_dir, caption_style)?;
        // Style is in the ASS header, so pass None for caption_style
        build_ffmpeg_args_burnin_subs(clip, source, output, cut_mode, &ass_path, None)
    } else {
        let trimmed = trim_and_sanitize_vtt(caption_path, &temp_dir, clip.start_time, clip.end_time)?;
        build_ffmpeg_args_mux_subs(clip, source, output, cut_mode, &trimmed)
    };

    eprintln!(
        "[video-clipper:export] with subs (burn_in={}) — ffmpeg {}",
        burn_in,
        args.join(" ")
    );
    let duration = clip.end_time - clip.start_time;
    run_ffmpeg_with_progress(&args, duration, on_progress)
}

pub fn export_merged(
    clips: &[Clip],
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
    temp_dir: &str,
    on_progress: &dyn Fn(usize, f64),
) -> Result<(), String> {
    let mut temp_files = Vec::new();
    let ext = get_extension(source, cut_mode);
    let total = clips.len();

    for (i, clip) in clips.iter().enumerate() {
        let temp_path = format!("{}/merge_part_{}.{}", temp_dir, i, ext);
        let clip_idx = i;
        export_single_clip(clip, source, &temp_path, cut_mode, &|pct| {
            on_progress(clip_idx, pct);
        })?;
        temp_files.push(temp_path);
    }

    // Concat step — no granular progress, signal start
    on_progress(total, 0.0);

    let concat_path = format!("{}/concat_list.txt", temp_dir);
    let concat_content: String = temp_files
        .iter()
        .map(|p| format!("file '{}'", p))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    std::fs::write(&concat_path, concat_content)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write concat file: {e}"))?;

    let result = Command::new(ffmpeg_bin())
        .args([
            "-y",
            "-f",
            "concat",
            "-safe",
            "0",
            "-i",
            &concat_path,
            "-c",
            "copy",
            output,
        ])
        .output()
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to run ffmpeg concat: {e}"))?;

    if !result.status.success() {
        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&result.stderr);
        return Err(format!("ffmpeg merge failed: {stderr}"));
    }

    for f in &temp_files {
        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(f);
    }
    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&concat_path);

    on_progress(total, 1.0);
    Ok(())
}

/// Merged export with subtitle support. Each segment is exported with subs,
/// then the segments are concatenated.
pub fn export_merged_with_subs(
    clips: &[Clip],
    source: &str,
    output: &str,
    cut_mode: &CutMode,
    temp_dir: &str,
    caption_path: &str,
    burn_in: bool,
    caption_style: Option<&CaptionStyle>,
    on_progress: &dyn Fn(usize, f64),
) -> Result<(), String> {
    let mut temp_files = Vec::new();
    let ext = if burn_in {
        match cut_mode {
            CutMode::Precise { format } => format.clone(),
            CutMode::Lossless => "mp4".to_string(),
        }
    } else {
        get_extension(source, cut_mode)
    };
    let total = clips.len();

    for (i, clip) in clips.iter().enumerate() {
        let temp_path = format!("{}/merge_part_{}.{}", temp_dir, i, ext);
        let clip_idx = i;
        export_single_clip_with_subs(
            clip, source, &temp_path, cut_mode, caption_path, burn_in, caption_style,
            &|pct| { on_progress(clip_idx, pct); },
        )?;
        temp_files.push(temp_path);
    }

    on_progress(total, 0.0);

    let concat_path = format!("{}/concat_list.txt", temp_dir);
    let concat_content: String = temp_files
        .iter()
        .map(|p| format!("file '{}'", p))
        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
        .join("\n");
    std::fs::write(&concat_path, concat_content)
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to write concat file: {e}"))?;

    let result = Command::new(ffmpeg_bin())
        .args([
            "-y",
            "-f",
            "concat",
            "-safe",
            "0",
            "-i",
            &concat_path,
            "-c",
            "copy",
            output,
        ])
        .output()
        .map_err(|e| format!("Failed to run ffmpeg concat: {e}"))?;

    if !result.status.success() {
        let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&result.stderr);
        return Err(format!("ffmpeg merge failed: {stderr}"));
    }

    for f in &temp_files {
        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(f);
    }
    let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&concat_path);

    on_progress(total, 1.0);
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_build_ffmpeg_args_lossless() {
        let clip = Clip {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            start_time: 10.5,
            end_time: 20.0,
            label: "Clip 1".to_string(),
            color: "#000".to_string(),
        };
        let args = build_ffmpeg_args(&clip, "input.mp4", "output.mp4", &CutMode::Lossless);
        assert!(args.contains(&"-c".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"copy".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"10.5".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"20".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_ffmpeg_args_precise() {
        let clip = Clip {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            start_time: 5.0,
            end_time: 15.0,
            label: "Clip 1".to_string(),
            color: "#000".to_string(),
        };
        let mode = CutMode::Precise {
            format: "mp4".to_string(),
        };
        let args = build_ffmpeg_args(&clip, "input.mp4", "output.mp4", &mode);
        assert!(args.contains(&"-c:v".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"libx264".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"aac".to_string()));

        let webm_args = build_ffmpeg_args(&clip, "input.mp4", "output.webm", &mode);
        assert!(webm_args.contains(&"libvpx-vp9".to_string()));
        assert!(webm_args.contains(&"libopus".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_ffmpeg_args_mux_subs_lossless() {
        let clip = Clip {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            start_time: 10.0,
            end_time: 20.0,
            label: "Clip 1".to_string(),
            color: "#000".to_string(),
        };
        let args = build_ffmpeg_args_mux_subs(
            &clip,
            "input.mp4",
            "output.mp4",
            &CutMode::Lossless,
            "/tmp/subs.vtt",
        );
        assert!(args.contains(&"-map".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"1:s".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"mov_text".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"copy".to_string()));
        // Input seeking: -ss must come BEFORE -i
        let ss_pos = args.iter().position(|a| a == "-ss").unwrap();
        let i_pos = args.iter().position(|a| a == "-i").unwrap();
        assert!(ss_pos < i_pos, "-ss must come before -i for input seeking");
        // Uses -t duration, not -to
        assert!(args.contains(&"-t".to_string()));
        assert!(!args.contains(&"-to".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"10".to_string())); // duration = 20 - 10 = 10
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_ffmpeg_args_mux_subs_precise() {
        let clip = Clip {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            start_time: 5.0,
            end_time: 15.0,
            label: "Clip 1".to_string(),
            color: "#000".to_string(),
        };
        let mode = CutMode::Precise {
            format: "mp4".to_string(),
        };
        let args = build_ffmpeg_args_mux_subs(
            &clip,
            "input.mp4",
            "output.mp4",
            &mode,
            "/tmp/subs.vtt",
        );
        assert!(args.contains(&"-map".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"1:s".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"libx264".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"-t".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_ffmpeg_args_burnin_subs_precise() {
        let clip = Clip {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            start_time: 5.0,
            end_time: 15.0,
            label: "Clip 1".to_string(),
            color: "#000".to_string(),
        };
        let mode = CutMode::Precise {
            format: "mp4".to_string(),
        };
        let args = build_ffmpeg_args_burnin_subs(
            &clip,
            "input.mp4",
            "output.mp4",
            &mode,
            "/tmp/subs.vtt",
            None,
        );
        // Uses the ass= filter (not subtitles=) for karaoke preservation
        let vf_arg = args.iter().find(|a| a.starts_with("ass=")).unwrap();
        assert!(vf_arg.contains("subs.vtt"));
        assert!(args.contains(&"libx264".to_string()));
        // Output seeking: -ss must come AFTER -i
        let i_pos = args.iter().position(|a| a == "-i").unwrap();
        let ss_pos = args.iter().position(|a| a == "-ss").unwrap();
        assert!(ss_pos > i_pos, "-ss must come after -i for output seeking");
        // Uses -t duration, not -to
        assert!(args.contains(&"-t".to_string()));
        assert!(!args.contains(&"-to".to_string()));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_ffmpeg_args_burnin_subs_lossless_override() {
        let clip = Clip {
            id: "1".to_string(),
            start_time: 0.0,
            end_time: 10.0,
            label: "Clip 1".to_string(),
            color: "#000".to_string(),
        };
        let args = build_ffmpeg_args_burnin_subs(
            &clip,
            "input.mp4",
            "output.mp4",
            &CutMode::Lossless,
            "/tmp/subs.vtt",
            None,
        );
        assert!(args.contains(&"libx264".to_string()));
        assert!(args.contains(&"aac".to_string()));
        let vf_arg = args.iter().find(|a| a.starts_with("ass=")).unwrap();
        assert!(vf_arg.contains("subs.vtt"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sanitize_vtt_strips_tags() {
        let result = strip_vtt_tags("the<00:00:00.599><c> gym</c><00:00:00.840><c> I</c>");
        assert_eq!(result, "the gym I");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_vtt_timestamp_line() {
        let result = parse_vtt_timestamp_line("00:01:23.456 --> 00:02:34.567 align:start position:0%");
        assert!(result.is_some());
        let (start, end) = result.unwrap();
        assert!((start - 83.456).abs() < 0.001);
        assert!((end - 154.567).abs() < 0.001);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_format_vtt_timestamp() {
        assert_eq!(format_vtt_timestamp(0.0), "00:00:00.000");
        assert_eq!(format_vtt_timestamp(83.456), "00:01:23.456");
        assert_eq!(format_vtt_timestamp(3661.5), "01:01:01.500");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_trim_and_sanitize_vtt() {
        let temp = std::env::temp_dir().join("test-trim-vtt");
        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&temp);

        let vtt_content = "\
WEBVTT

00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:15.000 align:start position:0%
the<00:00:10.500><c> first</c><c> cue</c>

00:00:20.000 --> 00:00:25.000
second cue

00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:35.000
third cue
";
        let input_path = temp.join("input.vtt");
        std::fs::write(&input_path, vtt_content).unwrap();

        // Trim to 18s-28s — should include the second cue only
        let result = trim_and_sanitize_vtt(
            input_path.to_str().unwrap(),
            temp.to_str().unwrap(),
            18.0,
            28.0,
        );
        assert!(result.is_ok());
        let trimmed = std::fs::read_to_string(result.unwrap()).unwrap();
        // Second cue shifted: 20-18=2s start, 25-18=7s end
        assert!(trimmed.contains("00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000"));
        // First and third cues should NOT be present
        assert!(!trimmed.contains("first"));
        assert!(!trimmed.contains("third"));
        assert!(trimmed.contains("second cue"));

        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&temp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expand_tilde_path() {
        let expanded = expand_tilde_path("~/Videos");
        assert!(!expanded.starts_with("~/"));
        assert!(expanded.ends_with("Videos") || expanded.contains("Videos"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_generate_output_path_no_collision() {
        let path = generate_output_path("/tmp", "My Video", "Clip 1", "mp4");
        assert!(path.contains("My Video"));
        assert!(path.contains("Clip 1"));
        assert!(path.ends_with(".mp4"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sanitize_filename() {
        assert_eq!(sanitize_filename("a/b:c"), "a_b_c");
        assert_eq!(sanitize_filename("normal"), "normal");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_extension_lossless() {
        assert_eq!(get_extension("video.webm", &CutMode::Lossless), "webm");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_extension_precise() {
        let mode = CutMode::Precise {
            format: "mkv".to_string(),
        };
        assert_eq!(get_extension("video.webm", &mode), "mkv");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_page_karaoke_single_line_with_karaoke() {
        let line = SpokenLine {
            plain_text: "hello world".to_string(),
            raw_text: "hello<00:00:01.000><c> world</c>".to_string(),
            start_time: 0.5,
            end_time: 1.5,
            has_karaoke: true,
            is_non_speech: false,
        };
        let result = build_page_karaoke_text(&[&line]);
        assert!(result.contains("{\\k50}hello"));
        assert!(result.contains("{\\k50}world"));
        assert!(!result.contains("\\N"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_page_karaoke_two_lines_stitched() {
        let line1 = SpokenLine {
            plain_text: "hello world".to_string(),
            raw_text: "hello<00:00:01.000><c> world</c>".to_string(),
            start_time: 0.5,
            end_time: 1.5,
            has_karaoke: true,
            is_non_speech: false,
        };
        let line2 = SpokenLine {
            plain_text: "foo bar".to_string(),
            raw_text: "foo<00:00:02.500><c> bar</c>".to_string(),
            start_time: 2.0,
            end_time: 3.0,
            has_karaoke: true,
            is_non_speech: false,
        };
        let result = build_page_karaoke_text(&[&line1, &line2]);
        assert!(result.contains("\\N"));
        assert!(result.contains("{\\k100}world"));
        assert!(result.contains("{\\k50}foo"));
        assert!(result.contains("{\\k50}bar"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_build_page_karaoke_no_karaoke_tags() {
        let line = SpokenLine {
            plain_text: "just plain text".to_string(),
            raw_text: "just plain text".to_string(),
            start_time: 1.0,
            end_time: 3.0,
            has_karaoke: false,
            is_non_speech: false,
        };
        let result = build_page_karaoke_text(&[&line]);
        assert!(result.contains("{\\k200}just plain text"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_group_into_pages_even() {
        let lines = vec![
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "a".into(), raw_text: "a".into(), start_time: 0.0, end_time: 1.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "b".into(), raw_text: "b".into(), start_time: 1.0, end_time: 2.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "c".into(), raw_text: "c".into(), start_time: 2.0, end_time: 3.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "d".into(), raw_text: "d".into(), start_time: 3.0, end_time: 4.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
        ];
        let pages = group_into_pages(&lines, 2.0);
        assert_eq!(pages.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(pages[0], vec![0, 1]);
        assert_eq!(pages[1], vec![2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_group_into_pages_gap_splits() {
        let lines = vec![
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "a".into(), raw_text: "a".into(), start_time: 0.0, end_time: 1.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "b".into(), raw_text: "b".into(), start_time: 5.0, end_time: 6.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
        ];
        let pages = group_into_pages(&lines, 2.0);
        assert_eq!(pages.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(pages[0], vec![0]);
        assert_eq!(pages[1], vec![1]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_group_into_pages_odd_count() {
        let lines = vec![
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "a".into(), raw_text: "a".into(), start_time: 0.0, end_time: 1.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "b".into(), raw_text: "b".into(), start_time: 1.0, end_time: 2.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
            SpokenLine { plain_text: "c".into(), raw_text: "c".into(), start_time: 2.0, end_time: 3.0, has_karaoke: false, is_non_speech: false },
        ];
        let pages = group_into_pages(&lines, 2.0);
        assert_eq!(pages.len(), 2);
        assert_eq!(pages[0], vec![0, 1]);
        assert_eq!(pages[1], vec![2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_vtt_to_ass_paged_output() {
        let vtt_content = "\
WEBVTT

00:00:00.500 --> 00:00:01.500
hello<00:00:01.000><c> world</c>

00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:03.000
foo<00:00:02.500><c> bar</c>

00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:04.000
baz<00:00:03.500><c> qux</c>

00:00:04.000 --> 00:00:05.000
last<00:00:04.500><c> line</c>
";
        let temp = std::env::temp_dir().join("test-paged-ass");
        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&temp);
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&temp).unwrap();

        let vtt_path = temp.join("test.vtt");
        std::fs::write(&vtt_path, vtt_content).unwrap();

        let result = vtt_to_ass_with_karaoke(
            vtt_path.to_str().unwrap(),
            temp.to_str().unwrap(),
            None,
        );
        assert!(result.is_ok());

        let ass_path = result.unwrap();
        let ass_content = std::fs::read_to_string(&ass_path).unwrap();

        assert!(ass_content.contains("[Script Info]"));
        assert!(ass_content.contains("PlayResX: 1920"));
        assert!(ass_content.contains("[Events]"));
        assert!(ass_content.contains("\\an2\\pos("));
        assert!(!ass_content.contains("\\move("));
        assert!(ass_content.contains("\\N"));
        assert!(ass_content.contains("\\fad("));
        assert!(ass_content.contains("\\k"));

        let dialogue_count = ass_content.matches("Dialogue:").count();
        assert_eq!(
            dialogue_count, 2,
            "Expected 2 pages (4 lines / 2). Got {dialogue_count}.\nASS:\n{ass_content}"
        );

        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&temp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_vtt_to_ass_paged_gap_splits_page() {
        let vtt_content = "\
WEBVTT

00:00:00.500 --> 00:00:01.500
hello<00:00:01.000><c> world</c>

00:00:05.000 --> 00:00:06.000
far<00:00:05.500><c> away</c>
";
        let temp = std::env::temp_dir().join("test-paged-gap-ass");
        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&temp);
        std::fs::create_dir_all(&temp).unwrap();

        let vtt_path = temp.join("test.vtt");
        std::fs::write(&vtt_path, vtt_content).unwrap();

        let result = vtt_to_ass_with_karaoke(
            vtt_path.to_str().unwrap(),
            temp.to_str().unwrap(),
            None,
        );
        assert!(result.is_ok());

        let ass_content = std::fs::read_to_string(result.unwrap()).unwrap();

        let dialogue_count = ass_content.matches("Dialogue:").count();
        assert_eq!(
            dialogue_count, 2,
            "Gap >2s should split into separate pages. Got {dialogue_count}.\nASS:\n{ass_content}"
        );

        for line in ass_content.lines() {
            if line.starts_with("Dialogue:") {
                assert!(
                    !line.contains("\\N"),
                    "Single-line page should not contain \\N: {line}"
                );
            }
        }

        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&temp);
    }
}