fix: Defer low-power mode during section indexing and book loading

Prevent the device from dropping to 10MHz CPU during first-time chapter
indexing, cover prerendering, and other CPU-intensive reader operations.

Three issues addressed:
- ActivityWithSubactivity now delegates preventAutoSleep() and
  skipLoopDelay() to the active subactivity, so EpubReaderActivity's
  signal is visible through the ReaderActivity wrapper
- Added post-loop() re-check of preventAutoSleep() in main.cpp to
  catch activity transitions that happen mid-loop
- EpubReaderActivity uses both !section and a loadingSection flag to
  cover the full duration from activity entry through section file
  creation; TxtReaderActivity uses !initialized similarly

Also syncs HalPowerManager.cpp log messages with upstream PR #852.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

.gitignore

@@ -9,3 +9,8 @@ build
 **/__pycache__/
 /compile_commands.json
 /.cache
+
+# mod
+mod/*
+.cursor/*
+chat-summaries/*

lib/EpdFont/builtinFonts/all.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
 #include <builtinFonts/bookerly_12_bold.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/bookerly_12_bolditalic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/bookerly_12_italic.h>
@@ -16,7 +17,10 @@
 #include <builtinFonts/bookerly_18_bolditalic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/bookerly_18_italic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/bookerly_18_regular.h>
+#endif  // OMIT_BOOKERLY
+
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_8_regular.h>
+#ifndef OMIT_NOTOSANS
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_12_bold.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_12_bolditalic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_12_italic.h>
@@ -33,6 +37,9 @@
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_18_bolditalic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_18_italic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/notosans_18_regular.h>
+#endif  // OMIT_NOTOSANS
+
+#ifndef OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
 #include <builtinFonts/opendyslexic_10_bold.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/opendyslexic_10_bolditalic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/opendyslexic_10_italic.h>
@@ -49,6 +56,8 @@
 #include <builtinFonts/opendyslexic_8_bolditalic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/opendyslexic_8_italic.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/opendyslexic_8_regular.h>
+#endif  // OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
+
 #include <builtinFonts/ubuntu_10_bold.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/ubuntu_10_regular.h>
 #include <builtinFonts/ubuntu_12_bold.h>

lib/Epub/Epub/Page.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 #include "Page.h"
 
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
 #include <Serialization.h>
 
+// Cell padding in pixels (must match TABLE_CELL_PAD_* in ChapterHtmlSlimParser.cpp)
+static constexpr int TABLE_CELL_PADDING_X = 4;
+static constexpr int TABLE_CELL_PADDING_TOP = 1;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PageLine
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 void PageLine::render(GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId, const int xOffset, const int yOffset) {
   block->render(renderer, fontId, xPos + xOffset, yPos + yOffset);
 }
@@ -25,6 +34,115 @@ std::unique_ptr<PageLine> PageLine::deserialize(FsFile& file) {
   return std::unique_ptr<PageLine>(new PageLine(std::move(tb), xPos, yPos));
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// PageTableRow
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void PageTableRow::render(GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId, const int xOffset, const int yOffset) {
+  const int baseX = xPos + xOffset;
+  const int baseY = yPos + yOffset;
+
+  // Draw horizontal borders (top and bottom of this row)
+  renderer.drawLine(baseX, baseY, baseX + totalWidth, baseY);
+  renderer.drawLine(baseX, baseY + rowHeight, baseX + totalWidth, baseY + rowHeight);
+
+  // Draw vertical borders and render cell contents
+  // Left edge
+  renderer.drawLine(baseX, baseY, baseX, baseY + rowHeight);
+
+  for (const auto& cell : cells) {
+    // Right vertical border for this cell
+    const int cellRightX = baseX + cell.xOffset + cell.columnWidth;
+    renderer.drawLine(cellRightX, baseY, cellRightX, baseY + rowHeight);
+
+    // Render each text line within the cell
+    const int cellTextX = baseX + cell.xOffset + TABLE_CELL_PADDING_X;
+    int cellLineY = baseY + 1 + TABLE_CELL_PADDING_TOP;  // 1px border + top padding
+
+    for (const auto& line : cell.lines) {
+      line->render(renderer, fontId, cellTextX, cellLineY);
+      cellLineY += lineHeight;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool PageTableRow::serialize(FsFile& file) {
+  serialization::writePod(file, xPos);
+  serialization::writePod(file, yPos);
+  serialization::writePod(file, rowHeight);
+  serialization::writePod(file, totalWidth);
+  serialization::writePod(file, lineHeight);
+
+  const uint16_t cellCount = static_cast<uint16_t>(cells.size());
+  serialization::writePod(file, cellCount);
+
+  for (const auto& cell : cells) {
+    serialization::writePod(file, cell.xOffset);
+    serialization::writePod(file, cell.columnWidth);
+
+    const uint16_t lineCount = static_cast<uint16_t>(cell.lines.size());
+    serialization::writePod(file, lineCount);
+
+    for (const auto& line : cell.lines) {
+      if (!line->serialize(file)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<PageTableRow> PageTableRow::deserialize(FsFile& file) {
+  int16_t xPos, yPos, rowHeight, totalWidth, lineHeight;
+  serialization::readPod(file, xPos);
+  serialization::readPod(file, yPos);
+  serialization::readPod(file, rowHeight);
+  serialization::readPod(file, totalWidth);
+  serialization::readPod(file, lineHeight);
+
+  uint16_t cellCount;
+  serialization::readPod(file, cellCount);
+
+  // Sanity check
+  if (cellCount > 100) {
+    LOG_ERR("PTR", "Deserialization failed: cell count %u exceeds maximum", cellCount);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<PageTableCellData> cells;
+  cells.resize(cellCount);
+
+  for (uint16_t c = 0; c < cellCount; ++c) {
+    serialization::readPod(file, cells[c].xOffset);
+    serialization::readPod(file, cells[c].columnWidth);
+
+    uint16_t lineCount;
+    serialization::readPod(file, lineCount);
+
+    if (lineCount > 1000) {
+      LOG_ERR("PTR", "Deserialization failed: line count %u in cell %u exceeds maximum", lineCount, c);
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    cells[c].lines.reserve(lineCount);
+    for (uint16_t l = 0; l < lineCount; ++l) {
+      auto tb = TextBlock::deserialize(file);
+      if (!tb) {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      cells[c].lines.push_back(std::move(tb));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return std::unique_ptr<PageTableRow>(
+      new PageTableRow(std::move(cells), rowHeight, totalWidth, lineHeight, xPos, yPos));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Page
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 void Page::render(GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId, const int xOffset, const int yOffset) const {
   for (auto& element : elements) {
     element->render(renderer, fontId, xOffset, yOffset);
@@ -36,8 +154,7 @@ bool Page::serialize(FsFile& file) const {
   serialization::writePod(file, count);
 
   for (const auto& el : elements) {
-    // Only PageLine exists currently
-    serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<uint8_t>(TAG_PageLine));
+    serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<uint8_t>(el->getTag()));
     if (!el->serialize(file)) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -59,6 +176,13 @@ std::unique_ptr<Page> Page::deserialize(FsFile& file) {
     if (tag == TAG_PageLine) {
       auto pl = PageLine::deserialize(file);
       page->elements.push_back(std::move(pl));
+    } else if (tag == TAG_PageTableRow) {
+      auto tr = PageTableRow::deserialize(file);
+      if (!tr) {
+        LOG_ERR("PGE", "Deserialization failed for PageTableRow at element %u", i);
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+      page->elements.push_back(std::move(tr));
     } else {
       LOG_ERR("PGE", "Deserialization failed: Unknown tag %u", tag);
       return nullptr;

lib/Epub/Epub/Page.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 enum PageElementTag : uint8_t {
   TAG_PageLine = 1,
+  TAG_PageTableRow = 2,
 };
 
 // represents something that has been added to a page
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ class PageElement {
   int16_t yPos;
   explicit PageElement(const int16_t xPos, const int16_t yPos) : xPos(xPos), yPos(yPos) {}
   virtual ~PageElement() = default;
+  virtual PageElementTag getTag() const = 0;
   virtual void render(GfxRenderer& renderer, int fontId, int xOffset, int yOffset) = 0;
   virtual bool serialize(FsFile& file) = 0;
 };
@@ -28,11 +30,43 @@ class PageLine final : public PageElement {
  public:
   PageLine(std::shared_ptr<TextBlock> block, const int16_t xPos, const int16_t yPos)
       : PageElement(xPos, yPos), block(std::move(block)) {}
+  const std::shared_ptr<TextBlock>& getBlock() const { return block; }
+  PageElementTag getTag() const override { return TAG_PageLine; }
   void render(GfxRenderer& renderer, int fontId, int xOffset, int yOffset) override;
   bool serialize(FsFile& file) override;
   static std::unique_ptr<PageLine> deserialize(FsFile& file);
 };
 
+/// Data for a single cell within a PageTableRow.
+struct PageTableCellData {
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TextBlock>> lines;  // Laid-out text lines for this cell
+  uint16_t columnWidth = 0;                        // Width of this column in pixels
+  uint16_t xOffset = 0;                            // X offset of this cell within the row
+};
+
+/// A table row element that renders cells in a column-aligned grid with borders.
+class PageTableRow final : public PageElement {
+  std::vector<PageTableCellData> cells;
+  int16_t rowHeight;   // Total row height in pixels
+  int16_t totalWidth;  // Total table width in pixels
+  int16_t lineHeight;  // Height of one text line (for vertical positioning of cell lines)
+
+ public:
+  PageTableRow(std::vector<PageTableCellData> cells, int16_t rowHeight, int16_t totalWidth, int16_t lineHeight,
+               int16_t xPos, int16_t yPos)
+      : PageElement(xPos, yPos),
+        cells(std::move(cells)),
+        rowHeight(rowHeight),
+        totalWidth(totalWidth),
+        lineHeight(lineHeight) {}
+
+  int16_t getHeight() const { return rowHeight; }
+  PageElementTag getTag() const override { return TAG_PageTableRow; }
+  void render(GfxRenderer& renderer, int fontId, int xOffset, int yOffset) override;
+  bool serialize(FsFile& file) override;
+  static std::unique_ptr<PageTableRow> deserialize(FsFile& file);
+};
+
 class Page {
  public:
   // the list of block index and line numbers on this page

lib/Epub/Epub/ParsedText.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
-#include <iterator>
 #include <limits>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -63,6 +62,13 @@ void ParsedText::addWord(std::string word, const EpdFontFamily::Style fontStyle,
   }
   wordStyles.push_back(combinedStyle);
   wordContinues.push_back(attachToPrevious);
+  forceBreakAfter.push_back(false);
+}
+
+void ParsedText::addLineBreak() {
+  if (!words.empty()) {
+    forceBreakAfter.back() = true;
+  }
 }
 
 // Consumes data to minimize memory usage
@@ -80,37 +86,26 @@ void ParsedText::layoutAndExtractLines(const GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fo
   const int spaceWidth = renderer.getSpaceWidth(fontId);
   auto wordWidths = calculateWordWidths(renderer, fontId);
 
-  // Build indexed continues vector from the parallel list for O(1) access during layout
-  std::vector<bool> continuesVec(wordContinues.begin(), wordContinues.end());
-
   std::vector<size_t> lineBreakIndices;
   if (hyphenationEnabled) {
     // Use greedy layout that can split words mid-loop when a hyphenated prefix fits.
-    lineBreakIndices = computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(renderer, fontId, pageWidth, spaceWidth, wordWidths, continuesVec);
+    lineBreakIndices = computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(renderer, fontId, pageWidth, spaceWidth, wordWidths, wordContinues);
   } else {
-    lineBreakIndices = computeLineBreaks(renderer, fontId, pageWidth, spaceWidth, wordWidths, continuesVec);
+    lineBreakIndices = computeLineBreaks(renderer, fontId, pageWidth, spaceWidth, wordWidths, wordContinues);
   }
   const size_t lineCount = includeLastLine ? lineBreakIndices.size() : lineBreakIndices.size() - 1;
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < lineCount; ++i) {
-    extractLine(i, pageWidth, spaceWidth, wordWidths, continuesVec, lineBreakIndices, processLine);
+    extractLine(i, pageWidth, spaceWidth, wordWidths, wordContinues, lineBreakIndices, processLine);
   }
 }
 
 std::vector<uint16_t> ParsedText::calculateWordWidths(const GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId) {
-  const size_t totalWordCount = words.size();
-
   std::vector<uint16_t> wordWidths;
-  wordWidths.reserve(totalWordCount);
+  wordWidths.reserve(words.size());
 
-  auto wordsIt = words.begin();
-  auto wordStylesIt = wordStyles.begin();
-
-  while (wordsIt != words.end()) {
-    wordWidths.push_back(measureWordWidth(renderer, fontId, *wordsIt, *wordStylesIt));
-
-    std::advance(wordsIt, 1);
-    std::advance(wordStylesIt, 1);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
+    wordWidths.push_back(measureWordWidth(renderer, fontId, words[i], wordStyles[i]));
   }
 
   return wordWidths;
@@ -135,8 +130,7 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& renderer, c
     // First word needs to fit in reduced width if there's an indent
     const int effectiveWidth = i == 0 ? pageWidth - firstLineIndent : pageWidth;
     while (wordWidths[i] > effectiveWidth) {
-      if (!hyphenateWordAtIndex(i, effectiveWidth, renderer, fontId, wordWidths, /*allowFallbackBreaks=*/true,
-                                &continuesVec)) {
+      if (!hyphenateWordAtIndex(i, effectiveWidth, renderer, fontId, wordWidths, /*allowFallbackBreaks=*/true)) {
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -161,6 +155,11 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& renderer, c
     const int effectivePageWidth = i == 0 ? pageWidth - firstLineIndent : pageWidth;
 
     for (size_t j = i; j < totalWordCount; ++j) {
+      // If the previous word has a forced line break, this line cannot include word j
+      if (j > static_cast<size_t>(i) && !forceBreakAfter.empty() && forceBreakAfter[j - 1]) {
+        break;
+      }
+
       // Add space before word j, unless it's the first word on the line or a continuation
       const int gap = j > static_cast<size_t>(i) && !continuesVec[j] ? spaceWidth : 0;
       currlen += wordWidths[j] + gap;
@@ -169,8 +168,11 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& renderer, c
         break;
       }
 
-      // Cannot break after word j if the next word attaches to it (continuation group)
-      if (j + 1 < totalWordCount && continuesVec[j + 1]) {
+      // Forced line break after word j overrides continuation (must end line here)
+      const bool mustBreakHere = !forceBreakAfter.empty() && forceBreakAfter[j];
+
+      // Cannot break after word j if the next word attaches to it (unless forced)
+      if (!mustBreakHere && j + 1 < totalWordCount && continuesVec[j + 1]) {
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -193,6 +195,11 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& renderer, c
         dp[i] = cost;
         ans[i] = j;  // j is the index of the last word in this optimal line
       }
+
+      // After evaluating cost, enforce forced break - no more words on this line
+      if (mustBreakHere) {
+        break;
+      }
     }
 
     // Handle oversized word: if no valid configuration found, force single-word line
@@ -267,6 +274,11 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& r
 
     // Consume as many words as possible for current line, splitting when prefixes fit
     while (currentIndex < wordWidths.size()) {
+      // If the previous word has a forced line break, stop - this word starts a new line
+      if (currentIndex > lineStart && !forceBreakAfter.empty() && forceBreakAfter[currentIndex - 1]) {
+        break;
+      }
+
       const bool isFirstWord = currentIndex == lineStart;
       const int spacing = isFirstWord || continuesVec[currentIndex] ? 0 : spaceWidth;
       const int candidateWidth = spacing + wordWidths[currentIndex];
@@ -275,6 +287,11 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& r
       if (lineWidth + candidateWidth <= effectivePageWidth) {
         lineWidth += candidateWidth;
         ++currentIndex;
+
+        // If the word we just added has a forced break, end this line now
+        if (!forceBreakAfter.empty() && forceBreakAfter[currentIndex - 1]) {
+          break;
+        }
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -282,8 +299,8 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& r
       const int availableWidth = effectivePageWidth - lineWidth - spacing;
       const bool allowFallbackBreaks = isFirstWord;  // Only for first word on line
 
-      if (availableWidth > 0 && hyphenateWordAtIndex(currentIndex, availableWidth, renderer, fontId, wordWidths,
-                                                     allowFallbackBreaks, &continuesVec)) {
+      if (availableWidth > 0 &&
+          hyphenateWordAtIndex(currentIndex, availableWidth, renderer, fontId, wordWidths, allowFallbackBreaks)) {
         // Prefix now fits; append it to this line and move to next line
         lineWidth += spacing + wordWidths[currentIndex];
         ++currentIndex;
@@ -300,7 +317,12 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& r
 
     // Don't break before a continuation word (e.g., orphaned "?" after "question").
     // Backtrack to the start of the continuation group so the whole group moves to the next line.
+    // But don't backtrack past a forced break point.
     while (currentIndex > lineStart + 1 && currentIndex < wordWidths.size() && continuesVec[currentIndex]) {
+      // Don't backtrack past a forced break
+      if (!forceBreakAfter.empty() && forceBreakAfter[currentIndex - 1]) {
+        break;
+      }
       --currentIndex;
     }
 
@@ -315,20 +337,14 @@ std::vector<size_t> ParsedText::computeHyphenatedLineBreaks(const GfxRenderer& r
 // available width.
 bool ParsedText::hyphenateWordAtIndex(const size_t wordIndex, const int availableWidth, const GfxRenderer& renderer,
                                       const int fontId, std::vector<uint16_t>& wordWidths,
-                                      const bool allowFallbackBreaks, std::vector<bool>* continuesVec) {
+                                      const bool allowFallbackBreaks) {
   // Guard against invalid indices or zero available width before attempting to split.
   if (availableWidth <= 0 || wordIndex >= words.size()) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  // Get iterators to target word and style.
-  auto wordIt = words.begin();
-  auto styleIt = wordStyles.begin();
-  std::advance(wordIt, wordIndex);
-  std::advance(styleIt, wordIndex);
-
-  const std::string& word = *wordIt;
-  const auto style = *styleIt;
+  const std::string& word = words[wordIndex];
+  const auto style = wordStyles[wordIndex];
 
   // Collect candidate breakpoints (byte offsets and hyphen requirements).
   auto breakInfos = Hyphenator::breakOffsets(word, allowFallbackBreaks);
@@ -365,31 +381,26 @@ bool ParsedText::hyphenateWordAtIndex(const size_t wordIndex, const int availabl
 
   // Split the word at the selected breakpoint and append a hyphen if required.
   std::string remainder = word.substr(chosenOffset);
-  wordIt->resize(chosenOffset);
+  words[wordIndex].resize(chosenOffset);
   if (chosenNeedsHyphen) {
-    wordIt->push_back('-');
+    words[wordIndex].push_back('-');
   }
 
   // Insert the remainder word (with matching style and continuation flag) directly after the prefix.
-  auto insertWordIt = std::next(wordIt);
-  auto insertStyleIt = std::next(styleIt);
-  words.insert(insertWordIt, remainder);
-  wordStyles.insert(insertStyleIt, style);
+  words.insert(words.begin() + wordIndex + 1, remainder);
+  wordStyles.insert(wordStyles.begin() + wordIndex + 1, style);
 
   // The remainder inherits whatever continuation status the original word had with the word after it.
-  // Find the continues entry for the original word and insert the remainder's entry after it.
-  auto continuesIt = wordContinues.begin();
-  std::advance(continuesIt, wordIndex);
-  const bool originalContinuedToNext = *continuesIt;
+  const bool originalContinuedToNext = wordContinues[wordIndex];
   // The original word (now prefix) does NOT continue to remainder (hyphen separates them)
-  *continuesIt = false;
-  const auto insertContinuesIt = std::next(continuesIt);
-  wordContinues.insert(insertContinuesIt, originalContinuedToNext);
+  wordContinues[wordIndex] = false;
+  wordContinues.insert(wordContinues.begin() + wordIndex + 1, originalContinuedToNext);
 
-  // Keep the indexed vector in sync if provided
-  if (continuesVec) {
-    (*continuesVec)[wordIndex] = false;
-    continuesVec->insert(continuesVec->begin() + wordIndex + 1, originalContinuedToNext);
+  // Forced break belongs to the original whole word; transfer it to the remainder (last part).
+  if (!forceBreakAfter.empty()) {
+    const bool originalForceBreak = forceBreakAfter[wordIndex];
+    forceBreakAfter[wordIndex] = false;  // prefix doesn't force break
+    forceBreakAfter.insert(forceBreakAfter.begin() + wordIndex + 1, originalForceBreak);
   }
 
   // Update cached widths to reflect the new prefix/remainder pairing.
@@ -450,7 +461,8 @@ void ParsedText::extractLine(const size_t breakIndex, const int pageWidth, const
 
   // Pre-calculate X positions for words
   // Continuation words attach to the previous word with no space before them
-  std::list<uint16_t> lineXPos;
+  std::vector<uint16_t> lineXPos;
+  lineXPos.reserve(lineWordCount);
 
   for (size_t wordIdx = 0; wordIdx < lineWordCount; wordIdx++) {
     const uint16_t currentWordWidth = wordWidths[lastBreakAt + wordIdx];
@@ -463,23 +475,10 @@ void ParsedText::extractLine(const size_t breakIndex, const int pageWidth, const
     xpos += currentWordWidth + (nextIsContinuation ? 0 : spacing);
   }
 
-  // Iterators always start at the beginning as we are moving content with splice below
-  auto wordEndIt = words.begin();
-  auto wordStyleEndIt = wordStyles.begin();
-  auto wordContinuesEndIt = wordContinues.begin();
-  std::advance(wordEndIt, lineWordCount);
-  std::advance(wordStyleEndIt, lineWordCount);
-  std::advance(wordContinuesEndIt, lineWordCount);
-
-  // *** CRITICAL STEP: CONSUME DATA USING SPLICE ***
-  std::list<std::string> lineWords;
-  lineWords.splice(lineWords.begin(), words, words.begin(), wordEndIt);
-  std::list<EpdFontFamily::Style> lineWordStyles;
-  lineWordStyles.splice(lineWordStyles.begin(), wordStyles, wordStyles.begin(), wordStyleEndIt);
-
-  // Consume continues flags (not passed to TextBlock, but must be consumed to stay in sync)
-  std::list<bool> lineContinues;
-  lineContinues.splice(lineContinues.begin(), wordContinues, wordContinues.begin(), wordContinuesEndIt);
+  // Build line data by moving from the original vectors using index range
+  std::vector<std::string> lineWords(std::make_move_iterator(words.begin() + lastBreakAt),
+                                     std::make_move_iterator(words.begin() + lineBreak));
+  std::vector<EpdFontFamily::Style> lineWordStyles(wordStyles.begin() + lastBreakAt, wordStyles.begin() + lineBreak);
 
   for (auto& word : lineWords) {
     if (containsSoftHyphen(word)) {
@@ -490,3 +489,22 @@ void ParsedText::extractLine(const size_t breakIndex, const int pageWidth, const
   processLine(
       std::make_shared<TextBlock>(std::move(lineWords), std::move(lineXPos), std::move(lineWordStyles), blockStyle));
 }
+
+uint16_t ParsedText::getNaturalWidth(const GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId) const {
+  if (words.empty()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  const int spaceWidth = renderer.getSpaceWidth(fontId);
+  int totalWidth = 0;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); ++i) {
+    totalWidth += measureWordWidth(renderer, fontId, words[i], wordStyles[i]);
+    // Add a space before this word unless it's the first word or a continuation
+    if (i > 0 && !wordContinues[i]) {
+      totalWidth += spaceWidth;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(totalWidth, static_cast<int>(UINT16_MAX)));
+}

lib/Epub/Epub/ParsedText.h

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include <EpdFontFamily.h>
 
 #include <functional>
-#include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -14,9 +13,10 @@
 class GfxRenderer;
 
 class ParsedText {
-  std::list<std::string> words;
-  std::list<EpdFontFamily::Style> wordStyles;
-  std::list<bool> wordContinues;  // true = word attaches to previous (no space before it)
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  std::vector<EpdFontFamily::Style> wordStyles;
+  std::vector<bool> wordContinues;    // true = word attaches to previous (no space before it)
+  std::vector<bool> forceBreakAfter;  // true = mandatory line break after this word (e.g. <br> in table cells)
   BlockStyle blockStyle;
   bool extraParagraphSpacing;
   bool hyphenationEnabled;
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ class ParsedText {
                                                   int spaceWidth, std::vector<uint16_t>& wordWidths,
                                                   std::vector<bool>& continuesVec);
   bool hyphenateWordAtIndex(size_t wordIndex, int availableWidth, const GfxRenderer& renderer, int fontId,
-                            std::vector<uint16_t>& wordWidths, bool allowFallbackBreaks,
-                            std::vector<bool>* continuesVec = nullptr);
+                            std::vector<uint16_t>& wordWidths, bool allowFallbackBreaks);
   void extractLine(size_t breakIndex, int pageWidth, int spaceWidth, const std::vector<uint16_t>& wordWidths,
                    const std::vector<bool>& continuesVec, const std::vector<size_t>& lineBreakIndices,
                    const std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<TextBlock>)>& processLine);
@@ -42,6 +41,10 @@ class ParsedText {
   ~ParsedText() = default;
 
   void addWord(std::string word, EpdFontFamily::Style fontStyle, bool underline = false, bool attachToPrevious = false);
+
+  /// Mark a forced line break after the last word (e.g. for <br> within table cells).
+  /// If no words have been added yet, this is a no-op.
+  void addLineBreak();
   void setBlockStyle(const BlockStyle& blockStyle) { this->blockStyle = blockStyle; }
   BlockStyle& getBlockStyle() { return blockStyle; }
   size_t size() const { return words.size(); }
@@ -49,4 +52,9 @@ class ParsedText {
   void layoutAndExtractLines(const GfxRenderer& renderer, int fontId, uint16_t viewportWidth,
                              const std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<TextBlock>)>& processLine,
                              bool includeLastLine = true);
+
+  /// Returns the "natural" width of the content if it were laid out on a single line
+  /// (sum of word widths + space widths between non-continuation words).
+  /// Used by table layout to determine column widths before line-breaking.
+  uint16_t getNaturalWidth(const GfxRenderer& renderer, int fontId) const;
 };

lib/Epub/Epub/TableData.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "ParsedText.h"
+#include "css/CssStyle.h"
+
+/// A single cell in a table row.
+struct TableCell {
+  std::unique_ptr<ParsedText> content;
+  bool isHeader = false;   // true for <th>, false for <td>
+  int colspan = 1;          // number of logical columns this cell spans
+  CssLength widthHint;      // width hint from HTML attribute or CSS (if hasWidthHint)
+  bool hasWidthHint = false;
+};
+
+/// A single row in a table.
+struct TableRow {
+  std::vector<TableCell> cells;
+};
+
+/// Buffered table data collected during SAX parsing.
+/// The entire table must be buffered before layout because column widths
+/// depend on content across all rows.
+struct TableData {
+  std::vector<TableRow> rows;
+  std::vector<CssLength> colWidthHints;  // width hints from <col> tags, indexed by logical column
+};

lib/Epub/Epub/blocks/TextBlock.cpp

@@ -12,16 +12,13 @@ void TextBlock::render(const GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId, const int
     return;
   }
 
-  auto wordIt = words.begin();
-  auto wordStylesIt = wordStyles.begin();
-  auto wordXposIt = wordXpos.begin();
   for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
-    const int wordX = *wordXposIt + x;
-    const EpdFontFamily::Style currentStyle = *wordStylesIt;
-    renderer.drawText(fontId, wordX, y, wordIt->c_str(), true, currentStyle);
+    const int wordX = wordXpos[i] + x;
+    const EpdFontFamily::Style currentStyle = wordStyles[i];
+    renderer.drawText(fontId, wordX, y, words[i].c_str(), true, currentStyle);
 
     if ((currentStyle & EpdFontFamily::UNDERLINE) != 0) {
-      const std::string& w = *wordIt;
+      const std::string& w = words[i];
       const int fullWordWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(fontId, w.c_str(), currentStyle);
       // y is the top of the text line; add ascender to reach baseline, then offset 2px below
       const int underlineY = y + renderer.getFontAscenderSize(fontId) + 2;
@@ -41,10 +38,6 @@ void TextBlock::render(const GfxRenderer& renderer, const int fontId, const int
 
       renderer.drawLine(startX, underlineY, startX + underlineWidth, underlineY, true);
     }
-
-    std::advance(wordIt, 1);
-    std::advance(wordStylesIt, 1);
-    std::advance(wordXposIt, 1);
   }
 }
 
@@ -80,15 +73,15 @@ bool TextBlock::serialize(FsFile& file) const {
 
 std::unique_ptr<TextBlock> TextBlock::deserialize(FsFile& file) {
   uint16_t wc;
-  std::list<std::string> words;
-  std::list<uint16_t> wordXpos;
-  std::list<EpdFontFamily::Style> wordStyles;
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  std::vector<uint16_t> wordXpos;
+  std::vector<EpdFontFamily::Style> wordStyles;
   BlockStyle blockStyle;
 
   // Word count
   serialization::readPod(file, wc);
 
-  // Sanity check: prevent allocation of unreasonably large lists (max 10000 words per block)
+  // Sanity check: prevent allocation of unreasonably large vectors (max 10000 words per block)
   if (wc > 10000) {
     LOG_ERR("TXB", "Deserialization failed: word count %u exceeds maximum", wc);
     return nullptr;

lib/Epub/Epub/blocks/TextBlock.h

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 #include <EpdFontFamily.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
 
-#include <list>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "Block.h"
 #include "BlockStyle.h"
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 // Represents a line of text on a page
 class TextBlock final : public Block {
  private:
-  std::list<std::string> words;
-  std::list<uint16_t> wordXpos;
-  std::list<EpdFontFamily::Style> wordStyles;
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  std::vector<uint16_t> wordXpos;
+  std::vector<EpdFontFamily::Style> wordStyles;
   BlockStyle blockStyle;
 
  public:
-  explicit TextBlock(std::list<std::string> words, std::list<uint16_t> word_xpos,
-                     std::list<EpdFontFamily::Style> word_styles, const BlockStyle& blockStyle = BlockStyle())
+  explicit TextBlock(std::vector<std::string> words, std::vector<uint16_t> word_xpos,
+                     std::vector<EpdFontFamily::Style> word_styles, const BlockStyle& blockStyle = BlockStyle())
       : words(std::move(words)),
         wordXpos(std::move(word_xpos)),
         wordStyles(std::move(word_styles)),
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class TextBlock final : public Block {
   ~TextBlock() override = default;
   void setBlockStyle(const BlockStyle& blockStyle) { this->blockStyle = blockStyle; }
   const BlockStyle& getBlockStyle() const { return blockStyle; }
+  const std::vector<std::string>& getWords() const { return words; }
+  const std::vector<uint16_t>& getWordXpos() const { return wordXpos; }
+  const std::vector<EpdFontFamily::Style>& getWordStyles() const { return wordStyles; }
   bool isEmpty() override { return words.empty(); }
   void layout(GfxRenderer& renderer) override {};
   // given a renderer works out where to break the words into lines

lib/Epub/Epub/css/CssParser.cpp

@@ -413,6 +413,9 @@ CssStyle CssParser::parseDeclarations(const std::string& declBlock) {
         style.defined.paddingTop = style.defined.paddingRight = style.defined.paddingBottom =
             style.defined.paddingLeft = 1;
       }
+    } else if (propName == "width") {
+      style.width = interpretLength(propValue);
+      style.defined.width = 1;
     }
   }
 

lib/Epub/Epub/css/CssStyle.h

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ struct CssPropertyFlags {
   uint16_t paddingBottom : 1;
   uint16_t paddingLeft : 1;
   uint16_t paddingRight : 1;
+  uint16_t width : 1;
 
   CssPropertyFlags()
       : textAlign(0),
@@ -83,17 +84,19 @@ struct CssPropertyFlags {
         paddingTop(0),
         paddingBottom(0),
         paddingLeft(0),
-        paddingRight(0) {}
+        paddingRight(0),
+        width(0) {}
 
   [[nodiscard]] bool anySet() const {
     return textAlign || fontStyle || fontWeight || textDecoration || textIndent || marginTop || marginBottom ||
-           marginLeft || marginRight || paddingTop || paddingBottom || paddingLeft || paddingRight;
+           marginLeft || marginRight || paddingTop || paddingBottom || paddingLeft || paddingRight || width;
   }
 
   void clearAll() {
     textAlign = fontStyle = fontWeight = textDecoration = textIndent = 0;
     marginTop = marginBottom = marginLeft = marginRight = 0;
     paddingTop = paddingBottom = paddingLeft = paddingRight = 0;
+    width = 0;
   }
 };
 
@@ -115,6 +118,7 @@ struct CssStyle {
   CssLength paddingBottom;  // Padding after
   CssLength paddingLeft;    // Padding left
   CssLength paddingRight;   // Padding right
+  CssLength width;           // Element width (used for table columns/cells)
 
   CssPropertyFlags defined;  // Tracks which properties were explicitly set
 
@@ -173,6 +177,10 @@ struct CssStyle {
       paddingRight = base.paddingRight;
       defined.paddingRight = 1;
     }
+    if (base.hasWidth()) {
+      width = base.width;
+      defined.width = 1;
+    }
   }
 
   [[nodiscard]] bool hasTextAlign() const { return defined.textAlign; }
@@ -188,6 +196,7 @@ struct CssStyle {
   [[nodiscard]] bool hasPaddingBottom() const { return defined.paddingBottom; }
   [[nodiscard]] bool hasPaddingLeft() const { return defined.paddingLeft; }
   [[nodiscard]] bool hasPaddingRight() const { return defined.paddingRight; }
+  [[nodiscard]] bool hasWidth() const { return defined.width; }
 
   void reset() {
     textAlign = CssTextAlign::Left;
@@ -197,6 +206,7 @@ struct CssStyle {
     textIndent = CssLength{};
     marginTop = marginBottom = marginLeft = marginRight = CssLength{};
     paddingTop = paddingBottom = paddingLeft = paddingRight = CssLength{};
+    width = CssLength{};
     defined.clearAll();
   }
 };

lib/Epub/Epub/hyphenation/LanguageRegistry.cpp

@@ -1,48 +1,84 @@
 #include "LanguageRegistry.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <array>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "HyphenationCommon.h"
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_DE
 #include "generated/hyph-de.trie.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_EN
 #include "generated/hyph-en.trie.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_ES
 #include "generated/hyph-es.trie.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_FR
 #include "generated/hyph-fr.trie.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_IT
 #include "generated/hyph-it.trie.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_RU
 #include "generated/hyph-ru.trie.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace {
 
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_EN
 // English hyphenation patterns (3/3 minimum prefix/suffix length)
 LanguageHyphenator englishHyphenator(en_us_patterns, isLatinLetter, toLowerLatin, 3, 3);
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_FR
 LanguageHyphenator frenchHyphenator(fr_patterns, isLatinLetter, toLowerLatin);
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_DE
 LanguageHyphenator germanHyphenator(de_patterns, isLatinLetter, toLowerLatin);
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_RU
 LanguageHyphenator russianHyphenator(ru_ru_patterns, isCyrillicLetter, toLowerCyrillic);
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_ES
 LanguageHyphenator spanishHyphenator(es_patterns, isLatinLetter, toLowerLatin);
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_IT
 LanguageHyphenator italianHyphenator(it_patterns, isLatinLetter, toLowerLatin);
+#endif
 
-using EntryArray = std::array<LanguageEntry, 6>;
-
-const EntryArray& entries() {
-  static const EntryArray kEntries = {{{"english", "en", &englishHyphenator},
-                                       {"french", "fr", &frenchHyphenator},
-                                       {"german", "de", &germanHyphenator},
-                                       {"russian", "ru", &russianHyphenator},
-                                       {"spanish", "es", &spanishHyphenator},
-                                       {"italian", "it", &italianHyphenator}}};
-  return kEntries;
+const LanguageEntryView entries() {
+  static const std::vector<LanguageEntry> kEntries = {
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_EN
+      {"english", "en", &englishHyphenator},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_FR
+      {"french", "fr", &frenchHyphenator},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_DE
+      {"german", "de", &germanHyphenator},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_RU
+      {"russian", "ru", &russianHyphenator},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_ES
+      {"spanish", "es", &spanishHyphenator},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_HYPH_IT
+      {"italian", "it", &italianHyphenator},
+#endif
+  };
+  static const LanguageEntryView view{kEntries.data(), kEntries.size()};
+  return view;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
 const LanguageHyphenator* getLanguageHyphenatorForPrimaryTag(const std::string& primaryTag) {
-  const auto& allEntries = entries();
+  const auto allEntries = entries();
   const auto it = std::find_if(allEntries.begin(), allEntries.end(),
                                [&primaryTag](const LanguageEntry& entry) { return primaryTag == entry.primaryTag; });
   return (it != allEntries.end()) ? it->hyphenator : nullptr;
 }
 
 LanguageEntryView getLanguageEntries() {
-  const auto& allEntries = entries();
-  return LanguageEntryView{allEntries.data(), allEntries.size()};
+  return entries();
 }

lib/Epub/Epub/parsers/ChapterHtmlSlimParser.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include <Logging.h>
 #include <expat.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "../Page.h"
 #include "../htmlEntities.h"
 
@@ -32,8 +34,30 @@ constexpr int NUM_IMAGE_TAGS = sizeof(IMAGE_TAGS) / sizeof(IMAGE_TAGS[0]);
 const char* SKIP_TAGS[] = {"head"};
 constexpr int NUM_SKIP_TAGS = sizeof(SKIP_TAGS) / sizeof(SKIP_TAGS[0]);
 
+// Table tags that are transparent containers (just depth tracking, no special handling)
+const char* TABLE_TRANSPARENT_TAGS[] = {"thead", "tbody", "tfoot", "colgroup"};
+constexpr int NUM_TABLE_TRANSPARENT_TAGS = sizeof(TABLE_TRANSPARENT_TAGS) / sizeof(TABLE_TRANSPARENT_TAGS[0]);
+
+// Table tags to skip entirely (their children produce no useful output)
+const char* TABLE_SKIP_TAGS[] = {"caption"};
+constexpr int NUM_TABLE_SKIP_TAGS = sizeof(TABLE_SKIP_TAGS) / sizeof(TABLE_SKIP_TAGS[0]);
+
 bool isWhitespace(const char c) { return c == ' ' || c == '\r' || c == '\n' || c == '\t'; }
 
+// Parse an HTML width attribute value into a CssLength.
+// "200" -> 200px, "50%" -> 50 percent. Returns false if the value can't be parsed.
+static bool parseHtmlWidthAttr(const char* value, CssLength& out) {
+  char* end = nullptr;
+  const float num = strtof(value, &end);
+  if (end == value || num < 0) return false;
+  if (*end == '%') {
+    out = CssLength(num, CssUnit::Percent);
+  } else {
+    out = CssLength(num, CssUnit::Pixels);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 // given the start and end of a tag, check to see if it matches a known tag
 bool matches(const char* tag_name, const char* possible_tags[], const int possible_tag_count) {
   for (int i = 0; i < possible_tag_count; i++) {
@@ -91,13 +115,37 @@ void ChapterHtmlSlimParser::flushPartWordBuffer() {
 
   // flush the buffer
   partWordBuffer[partWordBufferIndex] = '\0';
-  currentTextBlock->addWord(partWordBuffer, fontStyle, false, nextWordContinues);
+
+  // Handle double-encoded &nbsp; entities (e.g. &amp;nbsp; in source -> literal "&nbsp;" after
+  // XML parsing). Common in Wikipedia and other generated EPUBs. Replace with a space so the text
+  // renders cleanly. The space stays within the word, preserving non-breaking behavior.
+  std::string flushedWord(partWordBuffer);
+  size_t entityPos = 0;
+  while ((entityPos = flushedWord.find("&nbsp;", entityPos)) != std::string::npos) {
+    flushedWord.replace(entityPos, 6, " ");
+    entityPos += 1;
+  }
+
+  currentTextBlock->addWord(flushedWord, fontStyle, false, nextWordContinues);
   partWordBufferIndex = 0;
   nextWordContinues = false;
 }
 
 // start a new text block if needed
 void ChapterHtmlSlimParser::startNewTextBlock(const BlockStyle& blockStyle) {
+  // When inside a table cell, don't lay out to the page -- insert a forced line break
+  // within the cell's ParsedText so that block elements (p, div, br) create visual breaks.
+  if (inTable) {
+    if (partWordBufferIndex > 0) {
+      flushPartWordBuffer();
+    }
+    if (currentTextBlock && !currentTextBlock->isEmpty()) {
+      currentTextBlock->addLineBreak();
+    }
+    nextWordContinues = false;
+    return;
+  }
+
   nextWordContinues = false;  // New block = new paragraph, no continuation
   if (currentTextBlock) {
     // already have a text block running and it is empty - just reuse it
@@ -140,21 +188,184 @@ void XMLCALL ChapterHtmlSlimParser::startElement(void* userData, const XML_Char*
   centeredBlockStyle.textAlignDefined = true;
   centeredBlockStyle.alignment = CssTextAlign::Center;
 
-  // Special handling for tables - show placeholder text instead of dropping silently
+  // --- Table handling ---
   if (strcmp(name, "table") == 0) {
-    // Add placeholder text
-    self->startNewTextBlock(centeredBlockStyle);
+    if (self->inTable) {
+      // Nested table: skip it entirely for v1
+      self->skipUntilDepth = self->depth;
+      self->depth += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Flush any pending content before the table
+    if (self->currentTextBlock && !self->currentTextBlock->isEmpty()) {
+      self->makePages();
+    }
+
+    self->inTable = true;
+    self->tableData.reset(new TableData());
+
+    // Create a safe empty currentTextBlock so character data outside cells
+    // (e.g. whitespace between tags) doesn't crash
+    auto tableBlockStyle = BlockStyle();
+    tableBlockStyle.alignment = CssTextAlign::Left;
+    self->currentTextBlock.reset(new ParsedText(self->extraParagraphSpacing, self->hyphenationEnabled, tableBlockStyle));
 
-    self->italicUntilDepth = min(self->italicUntilDepth, self->depth);
-    // Advance depth before processing character data (like you would for an element with text)
     self->depth += 1;
-    self->characterData(userData, "[Table omitted]", strlen("[Table omitted]"));
-
-    // Skip table contents (skip until parent as we pre-advanced depth above)
-    self->skipUntilDepth = self->depth - 1;
     return;
   }
 
+  // Table structure tags (only when inside a table)
+  if (self->inTable) {
+    if (strcmp(name, "tr") == 0) {
+      self->tableData->rows.push_back(TableRow());
+      self->depth += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // <col> — capture width hint for column sizing
+    if (strcmp(name, "col") == 0) {
+      CssLength widthHint;
+      bool hasHint = false;
+
+      // Parse HTML width attribute
+      if (atts != nullptr) {
+        for (int i = 0; atts[i]; i += 2) {
+          if (strcmp(atts[i], "width") == 0) {
+            hasHint = parseHtmlWidthAttr(atts[i + 1], widthHint);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // CSS width (inline style) overrides HTML attribute
+      if (self->cssParser) {
+        std::string styleAttr;
+        if (atts != nullptr) {
+          for (int i = 0; atts[i]; i += 2) {
+            if (strcmp(atts[i], "style") == 0) {
+              styleAttr = atts[i + 1];
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (!styleAttr.empty()) {
+          CssStyle inlineStyle = CssParser::parseInlineStyle(styleAttr);
+          if (inlineStyle.hasWidth()) {
+            widthHint = inlineStyle.width;
+            hasHint = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (hasHint) {
+        self->tableData->colWidthHints.push_back(widthHint);
+      } else {
+        // Push a zero-value placeholder to maintain index alignment
+        self->tableData->colWidthHints.push_back(CssLength());
+      }
+
+      self->depth += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (strcmp(name, "td") == 0 || strcmp(name, "th") == 0) {
+      const bool isHeader = strcmp(name, "th") == 0;
+
+      // Parse colspan and width attributes
+      int colspan = 1;
+      CssLength cellWidthHint;
+      bool hasCellWidthHint = false;
+      std::string cellStyleAttr;
+
+      if (atts != nullptr) {
+        for (int i = 0; atts[i]; i += 2) {
+          if (strcmp(atts[i], "colspan") == 0) {
+            colspan = atoi(atts[i + 1]);
+            if (colspan < 1) colspan = 1;
+          } else if (strcmp(atts[i], "width") == 0) {
+            hasCellWidthHint = parseHtmlWidthAttr(atts[i + 1], cellWidthHint);
+          } else if (strcmp(atts[i], "style") == 0) {
+            cellStyleAttr = atts[i + 1];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // CSS width (inline style or stylesheet) overrides HTML attribute
+      if (self->cssParser) {
+        std::string classAttr;
+        if (atts != nullptr) {
+          for (int i = 0; atts[i]; i += 2) {
+            if (strcmp(atts[i], "class") == 0) {
+              classAttr = atts[i + 1];
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        CssStyle cellCssStyle = self->cssParser->resolveStyle(name, classAttr);
+        if (!cellStyleAttr.empty()) {
+          CssStyle inlineStyle = CssParser::parseInlineStyle(cellStyleAttr);
+          cellCssStyle.applyOver(inlineStyle);
+        }
+        if (cellCssStyle.hasWidth()) {
+          cellWidthHint = cellCssStyle.width;
+          hasCellWidthHint = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Ensure there's a row to add cells to
+      if (self->tableData->rows.empty()) {
+        self->tableData->rows.push_back(TableRow());
+      }
+
+      // Create a new ParsedText for this cell (characterData will flow into it)
+      auto cellBlockStyle = BlockStyle();
+      cellBlockStyle.alignment = CssTextAlign::Left;
+      cellBlockStyle.textAlignDefined = true;
+      // Explicitly disable paragraph indent for table cells
+      cellBlockStyle.textIndent = 0;
+      cellBlockStyle.textIndentDefined = true;
+      self->currentTextBlock.reset(
+          new ParsedText(self->extraParagraphSpacing, self->hyphenationEnabled, cellBlockStyle));
+      self->nextWordContinues = false;
+
+      // Track the cell
+      auto& currentRow = self->tableData->rows.back();
+      currentRow.cells.push_back(TableCell());
+      currentRow.cells.back().isHeader = isHeader;
+      currentRow.cells.back().colspan = colspan;
+      if (hasCellWidthHint) {
+        currentRow.cells.back().widthHint = cellWidthHint;
+        currentRow.cells.back().hasWidthHint = true;
+      }
+
+      // Apply bold for header cells
+      if (isHeader) {
+        self->boldUntilDepth = std::min(self->boldUntilDepth, self->depth);
+        self->updateEffectiveInlineStyle();
+      }
+
+      self->depth += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Transparent table container tags
+    if (matches(name, TABLE_TRANSPARENT_TAGS, NUM_TABLE_TRANSPARENT_TAGS)) {
+      self->depth += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Skip colgroup, col, caption
+    if (matches(name, TABLE_SKIP_TAGS, NUM_TABLE_SKIP_TAGS)) {
+      self->skipUntilDepth = self->depth;
+      self->depth += 1;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Other tags inside table cells (p, div, span, b, i, etc.) fall through
+    // to the normal handling below. startNewTextBlock is a no-op when inTable.
+  }
+
   if (matches(name, IMAGE_TAGS, NUM_IMAGE_TAGS)) {
     // TODO: Start processing image tags
     std::string alt = "[Image]";
@@ -408,7 +619,8 @@ void XMLCALL ChapterHtmlSlimParser::characterData(void* userData, const XML_Char
   // There should be enough here to build out 1-2 full pages and doing this will free up a lot of
   // memory.
   // Spotted when reading Intermezzo, there are some really long text blocks in there.
-  if (self->currentTextBlock->size() > 750) {
+  // Skip this when inside a table - cell content is buffered for later layout.
+  if (!self->inTable && self->currentTextBlock->size() > 750) {
     LOG_DBG("EHP", "Text block too long, splitting into multiple pages");
     self->currentTextBlock->layoutAndExtractLines(
         self->renderer, self->fontId, self->viewportWidth,
@@ -446,15 +658,17 @@ void XMLCALL ChapterHtmlSlimParser::endElement(void* userData, const XML_Char* n
 
   const bool styleWillChange = willPopStyleStack || willClearBold || willClearItalic || willClearUnderline;
   const bool headerOrBlockTag = isHeaderOrBlock(name);
+  const bool isTableCellTag = strcmp(name, "td") == 0 || strcmp(name, "th") == 0;
+  const bool isTableTag = strcmp(name, "table") == 0;
 
   // Flush buffer with current style BEFORE any style changes
   if (self->partWordBufferIndex > 0) {
     // Flush if style will change OR if we're closing a block/structural element
-    const bool isInlineTag = !headerOrBlockTag && strcmp(name, "table") != 0 &&
+    const bool isInlineTag = !headerOrBlockTag && !isTableTag && !isTableCellTag &&
                              !matches(name, IMAGE_TAGS, NUM_IMAGE_TAGS) && self->depth != 1;
     const bool shouldFlush = styleWillChange || headerOrBlockTag || matches(name, BOLD_TAGS, NUM_BOLD_TAGS) ||
                              matches(name, ITALIC_TAGS, NUM_ITALIC_TAGS) ||
-                             matches(name, UNDERLINE_TAGS, NUM_UNDERLINE_TAGS) || strcmp(name, "table") == 0 ||
+                             matches(name, UNDERLINE_TAGS, NUM_UNDERLINE_TAGS) || isTableTag || isTableCellTag ||
                              matches(name, IMAGE_TAGS, NUM_IMAGE_TAGS) || self->depth == 1;
 
     if (shouldFlush) {
@@ -466,6 +680,57 @@ void XMLCALL ChapterHtmlSlimParser::endElement(void* userData, const XML_Char* n
     }
   }
 
+  // --- Table cell/row/table close handling ---
+  if (self->inTable) {
+    if (isTableCellTag) {
+      // Save the current cell content into the table data
+      if (self->tableData && !self->tableData->rows.empty()) {
+        auto& currentRow = self->tableData->rows.back();
+        if (!currentRow.cells.empty()) {
+          currentRow.cells.back().content = std::move(self->currentTextBlock);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Create a safe empty ParsedText so character data between cells doesn't crash
+      auto safeBlockStyle = BlockStyle();
+      safeBlockStyle.alignment = CssTextAlign::Left;
+      self->currentTextBlock.reset(
+          new ParsedText(self->extraParagraphSpacing, self->hyphenationEnabled, safeBlockStyle));
+      self->nextWordContinues = false;
+    }
+
+    if (isTableTag) {
+      // Process the entire buffered table
+      self->depth -= 1;
+
+      // Clean up style state for this depth
+      if (self->skipUntilDepth == self->depth) self->skipUntilDepth = INT_MAX;
+      if (self->boldUntilDepth == self->depth) self->boldUntilDepth = INT_MAX;
+      if (self->italicUntilDepth == self->depth) self->italicUntilDepth = INT_MAX;
+      if (self->underlineUntilDepth == self->depth) self->underlineUntilDepth = INT_MAX;
+      if (!self->inlineStyleStack.empty() && self->inlineStyleStack.back().depth == self->depth) {
+        self->inlineStyleStack.pop_back();
+        self->updateEffectiveInlineStyle();
+      }
+
+      self->processTable();
+
+      self->inTable = false;
+      self->tableData.reset();
+
+      // Restore a fresh text block for content after the table
+      auto paragraphAlignmentBlockStyle = BlockStyle();
+      paragraphAlignmentBlockStyle.textAlignDefined = true;
+      const auto align = (self->paragraphAlignment == static_cast<uint8_t>(CssTextAlign::None))
+                             ? CssTextAlign::Justify
+                             : static_cast<CssTextAlign>(self->paragraphAlignment);
+      paragraphAlignmentBlockStyle.alignment = align;
+      self->currentTextBlock.reset(
+          new ParsedText(self->extraParagraphSpacing, self->hyphenationEnabled, paragraphAlignmentBlockStyle));
+      return;  // depth already decremented, skip the normal endElement cleanup
+    }
+  }
+
   self->depth -= 1;
 
   // Leaving skip
@@ -653,3 +918,335 @@ void ChapterHtmlSlimParser::makePages() {
     currentPageNextY += lineHeight / 2;
   }
 }
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Table processing
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Cell padding in pixels (horizontal space between grid line and cell text)
+static constexpr int TABLE_CELL_PAD_X = 4;
+// Vertical cell padding — asymmetric because font metrics include internal leading (whitespace
+// above glyphs), so the top already has built-in visual space. Less explicit padding on top,
+// more on bottom, produces visually balanced results.
+static constexpr int TABLE_CELL_PAD_TOP = 1;
+static constexpr int TABLE_CELL_PAD_BOTTOM = 3;
+// Minimum usable column width in pixels (below this text is unreadable)
+static constexpr int TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH = 30;
+// Grid line width in pixels
+static constexpr int TABLE_GRID_LINE_PX = 1;
+
+void ChapterHtmlSlimParser::addTableRowToPage(std::shared_ptr<PageTableRow> row) {
+  if (!currentPage) {
+    currentPage.reset(new Page());
+    currentPageNextY = 0;
+  }
+
+  const int16_t rowH = row->getHeight();
+
+  // If this row doesn't fit on the current page, start a new one
+  if (currentPageNextY + rowH > viewportHeight) {
+    completePageFn(std::move(currentPage));
+    currentPage.reset(new Page());
+    currentPageNextY = 0;
+  }
+
+  row->xPos = 0;
+  row->yPos = currentPageNextY;
+  currentPage->elements.push_back(std::move(row));
+  currentPageNextY += rowH;
+}
+
+void ChapterHtmlSlimParser::processTable() {
+  if (!tableData || tableData->rows.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!currentPage) {
+    currentPage.reset(new Page());
+    currentPageNextY = 0;
+  }
+
+  const int lh = static_cast<int>(renderer.getLineHeight(fontId) * lineCompression);
+
+  // 1. Determine logical column count using colspan.
+  //    Each cell occupies cell.colspan logical columns. The total for a row is the sum of colspans.
+  size_t numCols = 0;
+  for (const auto& row : tableData->rows) {
+    size_t rowLogicalCols = 0;
+    for (const auto& cell : row.cells) {
+      rowLogicalCols += static_cast<size_t>(cell.colspan);
+    }
+    numCols = std::max(numCols, rowLogicalCols);
+  }
+
+  if (numCols == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // 2. Measure natural width of each cell and compute per-column max natural width.
+  //    Only non-spanning cells (colspan==1) contribute to individual column widths.
+  //    Spanning cells use the combined width of their spanned columns.
+  std::vector<uint16_t> colNaturalWidth(numCols, 0);
+
+  for (const auto& row : tableData->rows) {
+    size_t logicalCol = 0;
+    for (const auto& cell : row.cells) {
+      if (cell.colspan == 1 && cell.content && !cell.content->isEmpty()) {
+        if (logicalCol < numCols) {
+          const uint16_t w = cell.content->getNaturalWidth(renderer, fontId);
+          if (w > colNaturalWidth[logicalCol]) {
+            colNaturalWidth[logicalCol] = w;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      logicalCol += static_cast<size_t>(cell.colspan);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 3. Calculate column widths to fit viewport.
+  //    Available width = viewport - outer borders - internal column borders - cell padding
+  const int totalGridLines = static_cast<int>(numCols) + 1;  // left + between columns + right
+  const int totalPadding = static_cast<int>(numCols) * TABLE_CELL_PAD_X * 2;
+  const int availableForContent = viewportWidth - totalGridLines * TABLE_GRID_LINE_PX - totalPadding;
+
+  // 3a. Resolve width hints per column.
+  //     Priority: <col> hints > max cell hint (colspan=1 only).
+  //     Percentages are relative to availableForContent.
+  const float emSize = static_cast<float>(lh);
+  const float containerW = static_cast<float>(std::max(availableForContent, 0));
+
+  std::vector<int> colHintedWidth(numCols, -1);  // -1 = no hint
+
+  // From <col> tags
+  for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols && c < tableData->colWidthHints.size(); ++c) {
+    const auto& hint = tableData->colWidthHints[c];
+    if (hint.value > 0) {
+      int px = static_cast<int>(hint.toPixels(emSize, containerW));
+      if (px > 0) {
+        colHintedWidth[c] = std::max(px, TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // From <td>/<th> cell width hints (only override if no <col> hint exists for this column)
+  for (const auto& row : tableData->rows) {
+    size_t logicalCol = 0;
+    for (const auto& cell : row.cells) {
+      if (cell.colspan == 1 && cell.hasWidthHint && logicalCol < numCols) {
+        if (colHintedWidth[logicalCol] < 0) {  // no <col> hint yet
+          int px = static_cast<int>(cell.widthHint.toPixels(emSize, containerW));
+          if (px > colHintedWidth[logicalCol]) {
+            colHintedWidth[logicalCol] = std::max(px, TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      logicalCol += static_cast<size_t>(cell.colspan);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 3b. Distribute column widths: hinted columns get their hint, unhinted use auto-sizing.
+  std::vector<uint16_t> colWidths(numCols, 0);
+
+  if (availableForContent <= 0) {
+    const uint16_t equalWidth = static_cast<uint16_t>(viewportWidth / numCols);
+    for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+      colWidths[c] = equalWidth;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // First, assign hinted columns and track how much space they consume
+    int hintedSpaceUsed = 0;
+    size_t unhintedCount = 0;
+    for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+      if (colHintedWidth[c] > 0) {
+        hintedSpaceUsed += colHintedWidth[c];
+      } else {
+        unhintedCount++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If hinted columns exceed available space, scale them down proportionally
+    if (hintedSpaceUsed > availableForContent && hintedSpaceUsed > 0) {
+      for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+        if (colHintedWidth[c] > 0) {
+          colHintedWidth[c] = colHintedWidth[c] * availableForContent / hintedSpaceUsed;
+          colHintedWidth[c] = std::max(colHintedWidth[c], TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH);
+        }
+      }
+      // Recalculate
+      hintedSpaceUsed = 0;
+      for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+        if (colHintedWidth[c] > 0) {
+          hintedSpaceUsed += colHintedWidth[c];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Assign hinted columns
+    for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+      if (colHintedWidth[c] > 0) {
+        colWidths[c] = static_cast<uint16_t>(colHintedWidth[c]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Distribute remaining space among unhinted columns using the existing algorithm
+    const int remainingForUnhinted = std::max(availableForContent - hintedSpaceUsed, 0);
+
+    if (unhintedCount > 0 && remainingForUnhinted > 0) {
+      // Compute total natural width of unhinted columns
+      int totalNaturalUnhinted = 0;
+      for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+        if (colHintedWidth[c] <= 0) {
+          totalNaturalUnhinted += colNaturalWidth[c];
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (totalNaturalUnhinted <= remainingForUnhinted) {
+        // All unhinted content fits — distribute extra space equally among unhinted columns
+        const int extraSpace = remainingForUnhinted - totalNaturalUnhinted;
+        const int perColExtra = extraSpace / static_cast<int>(unhintedCount);
+        for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+          if (colHintedWidth[c] <= 0) {
+            colWidths[c] = static_cast<uint16_t>(colNaturalWidth[c] + perColExtra);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Unhinted content exceeds remaining space — two-pass fair-share among unhinted columns
+        const int equalShare = remainingForUnhinted / static_cast<int>(unhintedCount);
+
+        int spaceUsedByFitting = 0;
+        int naturalOfWide = 0;
+        size_t wideCount = 0;
+
+        for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+          if (colHintedWidth[c] <= 0) {
+            if (static_cast<int>(colNaturalWidth[c]) <= equalShare) {
+              colWidths[c] = colNaturalWidth[c];
+              spaceUsedByFitting += colNaturalWidth[c];
+            } else {
+              naturalOfWide += colNaturalWidth[c];
+              wideCount++;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        const int wideSpace = remainingForUnhinted - spaceUsedByFitting;
+        for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+          if (colHintedWidth[c] <= 0 && static_cast<int>(colNaturalWidth[c]) > equalShare) {
+            if (naturalOfWide > 0 && wideCount > 1) {
+              int proportional = static_cast<int>(colNaturalWidth[c]) * wideSpace / naturalOfWide;
+              colWidths[c] = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max(proportional, TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH));
+            } else {
+              colWidths[c] = static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max(wideSpace, TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (unhintedCount > 0) {
+      // No remaining space for unhinted columns — give them minimum width
+      for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+        if (colHintedWidth[c] <= 0) {
+          colWidths[c] = static_cast<uint16_t>(TABLE_MIN_COL_WIDTH);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Compute column x-offsets (cumulative: border + padding + content width + padding + border ...)
+  std::vector<uint16_t> colXOffsets(numCols, 0);
+  int xAccum = TABLE_GRID_LINE_PX;  // start after left border
+  for (size_t c = 0; c < numCols; ++c) {
+    colXOffsets[c] = static_cast<uint16_t>(xAccum);
+    xAccum += TABLE_CELL_PAD_X + colWidths[c] + TABLE_CELL_PAD_X + TABLE_GRID_LINE_PX;
+  }
+  const int16_t totalTableWidth = static_cast<int16_t>(xAccum);
+
+  // Helper: compute the combined content width for a cell spanning multiple columns.
+  // This includes the content widths plus the internal grid lines and padding between spanned columns.
+  auto spanContentWidth = [&](size_t startCol, int colspan) -> uint16_t {
+    int width = 0;
+    for (int s = 0; s < colspan && startCol + s < numCols; ++s) {
+      width += colWidths[startCol + s];
+      if (s > 0) {
+        // Add internal padding and grid line between spanned columns
+        width += TABLE_CELL_PAD_X * 2 + TABLE_GRID_LINE_PX;
+      }
+    }
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::max(width, 0));
+  };
+
+  // Helper: compute the full cell width (including padding on both sides) for a spanning cell.
+  auto spanFullCellWidth = [&](size_t startCol, int colspan) -> uint16_t {
+    if (colspan <= 0 || startCol >= numCols) return 0;
+    const size_t endCol = std::min(startCol + static_cast<size_t>(colspan), numCols) - 1;
+    // From the left edge of startCol's cell to the right edge of endCol's cell
+    const int leftEdge = colXOffsets[startCol];
+    const int rightEdge = colXOffsets[endCol] + TABLE_CELL_PAD_X + colWidths[endCol] + TABLE_CELL_PAD_X;
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(rightEdge - leftEdge);
+  };
+
+  // 4. Lay out each row: map cells to logical columns, create PageTableRow
+  for (auto& row : tableData->rows) {
+    // Build cell data for this row, one entry per CELL (not per logical column).
+    // Each PageTableCellData gets the correct x-offset and combined column width.
+    std::vector<PageTableCellData> cellDataVec;
+    size_t maxLinesInRow = 1;
+    size_t logicalCol = 0;
+
+    for (size_t ci = 0; ci < row.cells.size() && logicalCol < numCols; ++ci) {
+      auto& cell = row.cells[ci];
+      const int cs = cell.colspan;
+
+      PageTableCellData cellData;
+      cellData.xOffset = colXOffsets[logicalCol];
+      cellData.columnWidth = spanFullCellWidth(logicalCol, cs);
+
+      if (cell.content && !cell.content->isEmpty()) {
+        // Center-align cells that span the full table width (common for section headers/titles)
+        if (cs >= static_cast<int>(numCols)) {
+          BlockStyle centeredStyle = cell.content->getBlockStyle();
+          centeredStyle.alignment = CssTextAlign::Center;
+          centeredStyle.textAlignDefined = true;
+          cell.content->setBlockStyle(centeredStyle);
+        }
+
+        const uint16_t contentWidth = spanContentWidth(logicalCol, cs);
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TextBlock>> cellLines;
+
+        cell.content->layoutAndExtractLines(
+            renderer, fontId, contentWidth,
+            [&cellLines](const std::shared_ptr<TextBlock>& textBlock) { cellLines.push_back(textBlock); });
+
+        if (cellLines.size() > maxLinesInRow) {
+          maxLinesInRow = cellLines.size();
+        }
+        cellData.lines = std::move(cellLines);
+      }
+
+      cellDataVec.push_back(std::move(cellData));
+      logicalCol += static_cast<size_t>(cs);
+    }
+
+    // Fill remaining logical columns with empty cells (rows shorter than numCols)
+    while (logicalCol < numCols) {
+      PageTableCellData emptyCell;
+      emptyCell.xOffset = colXOffsets[logicalCol];
+      emptyCell.columnWidth = static_cast<uint16_t>(TABLE_CELL_PAD_X + colWidths[logicalCol] + TABLE_CELL_PAD_X);
+      cellDataVec.push_back(std::move(emptyCell));
+      logicalCol++;
+    }
+
+    // Row height = max lines * lineHeight + top/bottom border + asymmetric vertical padding
+    const int16_t rowHeight = static_cast<int16_t>(
+        static_cast<int>(maxLinesInRow) * lh + 2 + TABLE_CELL_PAD_TOP + TABLE_CELL_PAD_BOTTOM);
+
+    auto pageTableRow = std::make_shared<PageTableRow>(
+        std::move(cellDataVec), rowHeight, totalTableWidth, static_cast<int16_t>(lh), 0, 0);
+
+    addTableRowToPage(std::move(pageTableRow));
+  }
+
+  // Add a small gap after the table
+  if (extraParagraphSpacing) {
+    currentPageNextY += lh / 2;
+  }
+}

lib/Epub/Epub/parsers/ChapterHtmlSlimParser.h

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "../ParsedText.h"
+#include "../TableData.h"
 #include "../blocks/TextBlock.h"
 #include "../css/CssParser.h"
 #include "../css/CssStyle.h"
 
 class Page;
+class PageTableRow;
 class GfxRenderer;
 
 #define MAX_WORD_SIZE 200
@@ -57,10 +59,16 @@ class ChapterHtmlSlimParser {
   bool effectiveItalic = false;
   bool effectiveUnderline = false;
 
+  // Table buffering state
+  bool inTable = false;
+  std::unique_ptr<TableData> tableData;
+
   void updateEffectiveInlineStyle();
   void startNewTextBlock(const BlockStyle& blockStyle);
   void flushPartWordBuffer();
   void makePages();
+  void processTable();
+  void addTableRowToPage(std::shared_ptr<PageTableRow> row);
   // XML callbacks
   static void XMLCALL startElement(void* userData, const XML_Char* name, const XML_Char** atts);
   static void XMLCALL characterData(void* userData, const XML_Char* s, int len);

lib/GfxRenderer/BitmapHelpers.cpp

@@ -104,3 +104,20 @@ uint8_t quantize1bit(int gray, int x, int y) {
   const int adjustedThreshold = 128 + ((threshold - 128) / 2);  // Range: 64-192
   return (gray >= adjustedThreshold) ? 1 : 0;
 }
+
+// Noise dithering for gradient fills - always uses hash-based noise regardless of global dithering config.
+// Produces smooth-looking gradients on the 4-level e-ink display.
+uint8_t quantizeNoiseDither(int gray, int x, int y) {
+  uint32_t hash = static_cast<uint32_t>(x) * 374761393u + static_cast<uint32_t>(y) * 668265263u;
+  hash = (hash ^ (hash >> 13)) * 1274126177u;
+  const int threshold = static_cast<int>(hash >> 24);
+
+  const int scaled = gray * 3;
+  if (scaled < 255) {
+    return (scaled + threshold >= 255) ? 1 : 0;
+  } else if (scaled < 510) {
+    return ((scaled - 255) + threshold >= 255) ? 2 : 1;
+  } else {
+    return ((scaled - 510) + threshold >= 255) ? 3 : 2;
+  }
+}

lib/GfxRenderer/BitmapHelpers.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ uint8_t quantize(int gray, int x, int y);
 uint8_t quantizeSimple(int gray);
 uint8_t quantize1bit(int gray, int x, int y);
 int adjustPixel(int gray);
+uint8_t quantizeNoiseDither(int gray, int x, int y);
 
 // 1-bit Atkinson dithering - better quality than noise dithering for thumbnails
 // Error distribution pattern (same as 2-bit but quantizes to 2 levels):

lib/GfxRenderer/GfxRenderer.cpp

@@ -73,6 +73,16 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawPixel(const int x, const int y, const bool state) const {
   }
 }
 
+void GfxRenderer::drawPixelGray(const int x, const int y, const uint8_t val2bit) const {
+  if (renderMode == BW && val2bit < 3) {
+    drawPixel(x, y);
+  } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_MSB && (val2bit == 1 || val2bit == 2)) {
+    drawPixel(x, y, false);
+  } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_LSB && val2bit == 1) {
+    drawPixel(x, y, false);
+  }
+}
+
 int GfxRenderer::getTextWidth(const int fontId, const char* text, const EpdFontFamily::Style style) const {
   if (fontMap.count(fontId) == 0) {
     LOG_ERR("GFX", "Font %d not found", fontId);
@@ -423,12 +433,20 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y, con
   LOG_DBG("GFX", "Cropping %dx%d by %dx%d pix, is %s", bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), cropPixX, cropPixY,
           bitmap.isTopDown() ? "top-down" : "bottom-up");
 
-  if (maxWidth > 0 && (1.0f - cropX) * bitmap.getWidth() > maxWidth) {
-    scale = static_cast<float>(maxWidth) / static_cast<float>((1.0f - cropX) * bitmap.getWidth());
+  const float effectiveWidth = (1.0f - cropX) * bitmap.getWidth();
+  const float effectiveHeight = (1.0f - cropY) * bitmap.getHeight();
+
+  // Calculate scale factor: supports both downscaling and upscaling when both constraints are provided
+  if (maxWidth > 0 && maxHeight > 0) {
+    const float scaleX = static_cast<float>(maxWidth) / effectiveWidth;
+    const float scaleY = static_cast<float>(maxHeight) / effectiveHeight;
+    scale = std::min(scaleX, scaleY);
+    isScaled = (scale < 0.999f || scale > 1.001f);
+  } else if (maxWidth > 0 && effectiveWidth > static_cast<float>(maxWidth)) {
+    scale = static_cast<float>(maxWidth) / effectiveWidth;
     isScaled = true;
-  }
-  if (maxHeight > 0 && (1.0f - cropY) * bitmap.getHeight() > maxHeight) {
-    scale = std::min(scale, static_cast<float>(maxHeight) / static_cast<float>((1.0f - cropY) * bitmap.getHeight()));
+  } else if (maxHeight > 0 && effectiveHeight > static_cast<float>(maxHeight)) {
+    scale = static_cast<float>(maxHeight) / effectiveHeight;
     isScaled = true;
   }
   LOG_DBG("GFX", "Scaling by %f - %s", scale, isScaled ? "scaled" : "not scaled");
@@ -449,12 +467,17 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y, con
   for (int bmpY = 0; bmpY < (bitmap.getHeight() - cropPixY); bmpY++) {
     // The BMP's (0, 0) is the bottom-left corner (if the height is positive, top-left if negative).
     // Screen's (0, 0) is the top-left corner.
-    int screenY = -cropPixY + (bitmap.isTopDown() ? bmpY : bitmap.getHeight() - 1 - bmpY);
+    const int logicalY = -cropPixY + (bitmap.isTopDown() ? bmpY : bitmap.getHeight() - 1 - bmpY);
+    int screenYStart, screenYEnd;
     if (isScaled) {
-      screenY = std::floor(screenY * scale);
+      screenYStart = static_cast<int>(std::floor(logicalY * scale)) + y;
+      screenYEnd = static_cast<int>(std::floor((logicalY + 1) * scale)) + y;
+    } else {
+      screenYStart = logicalY + y;
+      screenYEnd = screenYStart + 1;
     }
-    screenY += y;  // the offset should not be scaled
-    if (screenY >= getScreenHeight()) {
+
+    if (screenYStart >= getScreenHeight()) {
       break;
     }
 
@@ -465,7 +488,7 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y, con
       return;
     }
 
-    if (screenY < 0) {
+    if (screenYEnd <= 0) {
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -474,27 +497,42 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y, con
       continue;
     }
 
+    const int syStart = std::max(screenYStart, 0);
+    const int syEnd = std::min(screenYEnd, getScreenHeight());
+
     for (int bmpX = cropPixX; bmpX < bitmap.getWidth() - cropPixX; bmpX++) {
-      int screenX = bmpX - cropPixX;
+      const int outX = bmpX - cropPixX;
+      int screenXStart, screenXEnd;
       if (isScaled) {
-        screenX = std::floor(screenX * scale);
+        screenXStart = static_cast<int>(std::floor(outX * scale)) + x;
+        screenXEnd = static_cast<int>(std::floor((outX + 1) * scale)) + x;
+      } else {
+        screenXStart = outX + x;
+        screenXEnd = screenXStart + 1;
       }
-      screenX += x;  // the offset should not be scaled
-      if (screenX >= getScreenWidth()) {
+
+      if (screenXStart >= getScreenWidth()) {
         break;
       }
-      if (screenX < 0) {
+      if (screenXEnd <= 0) {
         continue;
       }
 
       const uint8_t val = outputRow[bmpX / 4] >> (6 - ((bmpX * 2) % 8)) & 0x3;
 
-      if (renderMode == BW && val < 3) {
-        drawPixel(screenX, screenY);
-      } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_MSB && (val == 1 || val == 2)) {
-        drawPixel(screenX, screenY, false);
-      } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_LSB && val == 1) {
-        drawPixel(screenX, screenY, false);
+      const int sxStart = std::max(screenXStart, 0);
+      const int sxEnd = std::min(screenXEnd, getScreenWidth());
+
+      for (int sy = syStart; sy < syEnd; sy++) {
+        for (int sx = sxStart; sx < sxEnd; sx++) {
+          if (renderMode == BW && val < 3) {
+            drawPixel(sx, sy);
+          } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_MSB && (val == 1 || val == 2)) {
+            drawPixel(sx, sy, false);
+          } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_LSB && val == 1) {
+            drawPixel(sx, sy, false);
+          }
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -507,11 +545,16 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap1Bit(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y,
                                  const int maxHeight) const {
   float scale = 1.0f;
   bool isScaled = false;
-  if (maxWidth > 0 && bitmap.getWidth() > maxWidth) {
+  // Calculate scale factor: supports both downscaling and upscaling when both constraints are provided
+  if (maxWidth > 0 && maxHeight > 0) {
+    const float scaleX = static_cast<float>(maxWidth) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth());
+    const float scaleY = static_cast<float>(maxHeight) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight());
+    scale = std::min(scaleX, scaleY);
+    isScaled = (scale < 0.999f || scale > 1.001f);
+  } else if (maxWidth > 0 && bitmap.getWidth() > maxWidth) {
     scale = static_cast<float>(maxWidth) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth());
     isScaled = true;
-  }
-  if (maxHeight > 0 && bitmap.getHeight() > maxHeight) {
+  } else if (maxHeight > 0 && bitmap.getHeight() > maxHeight) {
     scale = std::min(scale, static_cast<float>(maxHeight) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight()));
     isScaled = true;
   }
@@ -539,20 +582,37 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap1Bit(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y,
 
     // Calculate screen Y based on whether BMP is top-down or bottom-up
     const int bmpYOffset = bitmap.isTopDown() ? bmpY : bitmap.getHeight() - 1 - bmpY;
-    int screenY = y + (isScaled ? static_cast<int>(std::floor(bmpYOffset * scale)) : bmpYOffset);
-    if (screenY >= getScreenHeight()) {
+    int screenYStart, screenYEnd;
+    if (isScaled) {
+      screenYStart = static_cast<int>(std::floor(bmpYOffset * scale)) + y;
+      screenYEnd = static_cast<int>(std::floor((bmpYOffset + 1) * scale)) + y;
+    } else {
+      screenYStart = bmpYOffset + y;
+      screenYEnd = screenYStart + 1;
+    }
+    if (screenYStart >= getScreenHeight()) {
       continue;  // Continue reading to keep row counter in sync
     }
-    if (screenY < 0) {
+    if (screenYEnd <= 0) {
       continue;
     }
 
+    const int syStart = std::max(screenYStart, 0);
+    const int syEnd = std::min(screenYEnd, getScreenHeight());
+
     for (int bmpX = 0; bmpX < bitmap.getWidth(); bmpX++) {
-      int screenX = x + (isScaled ? static_cast<int>(std::floor(bmpX * scale)) : bmpX);
-      if (screenX >= getScreenWidth()) {
+      int screenXStart, screenXEnd;
+      if (isScaled) {
+        screenXStart = static_cast<int>(std::floor(bmpX * scale)) + x;
+        screenXEnd = static_cast<int>(std::floor((bmpX + 1) * scale)) + x;
+      } else {
+        screenXStart = bmpX + x;
+        screenXEnd = screenXStart + 1;
+      }
+      if (screenXStart >= getScreenWidth()) {
         break;
       }
-      if (screenX < 0) {
+      if (screenXEnd <= 0) {
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -562,7 +622,13 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawBitmap1Bit(const Bitmap& bitmap, const int x, const int y,
       // For 1-bit source: 0 or 1 -> map to black (0,1,2) or white (3)
       // val < 3 means black pixel (draw it)
       if (val < 3) {
-        drawPixel(screenX, screenY, true);
+        const int sxStart = std::max(screenXStart, 0);
+        const int sxEnd = std::min(screenXEnd, getScreenWidth());
+        for (int sy = syStart; sy < syEnd; sy++) {
+          for (int sx = sxStart; sx < sxEnd; sx++) {
+            drawPixel(sx, sy, true);
+          }
+        }
       }
       // White pixels (val == 3) are not drawn (leave background)
     }
@@ -840,6 +906,92 @@ void GfxRenderer::drawTextRotated90CW(const int fontId, const int x, const int y
   }
 }
 
+void GfxRenderer::drawTextRotated90CCW(const int fontId, const int x, const int y, const char* text, const bool black,
+                                       const EpdFontFamily::Style style) const {
+  // Cannot draw a NULL / empty string
+  if (text == nullptr || *text == '\0') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (fontMap.count(fontId) == 0) {
+    LOG_ERR("GFX", "Font %d not found", fontId);
+    return;
+  }
+  const auto font = fontMap.at(fontId);
+
+  // No printable characters
+  if (!font.hasPrintableChars(text, style)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // For 90° counter-clockwise rotation:
+  // Mirror of CW: glyphY maps to -X direction, glyphX maps to +Y direction
+  // Text reads from top to bottom
+
+  const int advanceY = font.getData(style)->advanceY;
+  const int ascender = font.getData(style)->ascender;
+
+  int yPos = y;  // Current Y position (increases as we draw characters)
+
+  uint32_t cp;
+  while ((cp = utf8NextCodepoint(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t**>(&text)))) {
+    const EpdGlyph* glyph = font.getGlyph(cp, style);
+    if (!glyph) {
+      glyph = font.getGlyph(REPLACEMENT_GLYPH, style);
+    }
+    if (!glyph) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const int is2Bit = font.getData(style)->is2Bit;
+    const uint32_t offset = glyph->dataOffset;
+    const uint8_t width = glyph->width;
+    const uint8_t height = glyph->height;
+    const int left = glyph->left;
+    const int top = glyph->top;
+
+    const uint8_t* bitmap = &font.getData(style)->bitmap[offset];
+
+    if (bitmap != nullptr) {
+      for (int glyphY = 0; glyphY < height; glyphY++) {
+        for (int glyphX = 0; glyphX < width; glyphX++) {
+          const int pixelPosition = glyphY * width + glyphX;
+
+          // 90° counter-clockwise rotation transformation:
+          // screenX = mirrored CW X (right-to-left within advanceY span)
+          // screenY = yPos + (left + glyphX) (downward)
+          const int screenX = x + advanceY - 1 - (ascender - top + glyphY);
+          const int screenY = yPos + left + glyphX;
+
+          if (is2Bit) {
+            const uint8_t byte = bitmap[pixelPosition / 4];
+            const uint8_t bit_index = (3 - pixelPosition % 4) * 2;
+            const uint8_t bmpVal = 3 - (byte >> bit_index) & 0x3;
+
+            if (renderMode == BW && bmpVal < 3) {
+              drawPixel(screenX, screenY, black);
+            } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_MSB && (bmpVal == 1 || bmpVal == 2)) {
+              drawPixel(screenX, screenY, false);
+            } else if (renderMode == GRAYSCALE_LSB && bmpVal == 1) {
+              drawPixel(screenX, screenY, false);
+            }
+          } else {
+            const uint8_t byte = bitmap[pixelPosition / 8];
+            const uint8_t bit_index = 7 - (pixelPosition % 8);
+
+            if ((byte >> bit_index) & 1) {
+              drawPixel(screenX, screenY, black);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Move to next character position (going down, so increase Y)
+    yPos += glyph->advanceX;
+  }
+}
+
 uint8_t* GfxRenderer::getFrameBuffer() const { return frameBuffer; }
 
 size_t GfxRenderer::getBufferSize() { return HalDisplay::BUFFER_SIZE; }

lib/GfxRenderer/GfxRenderer.h

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ class GfxRenderer {
 
   // Drawing
   void drawPixel(int x, int y, bool state = true) const;
+  void drawPixelGray(int x, int y, uint8_t val2bit) const;
   void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, bool state = true) const;
   void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int lineWidth, bool state) const;
   void drawArc(int maxRadius, int cx, int cy, int xDir, int yDir, int lineWidth, bool state) const;
@@ -110,9 +111,11 @@ class GfxRenderer {
   std::string truncatedText(int fontId, const char* text, int maxWidth,
                             EpdFontFamily::Style style = EpdFontFamily::REGULAR) const;
 
-  // Helper for drawing rotated text (90 degrees clockwise, for side buttons)
+  // Helpers for drawing rotated text (for side buttons)
   void drawTextRotated90CW(int fontId, int x, int y, const char* text, bool black = true,
                            EpdFontFamily::Style style = EpdFontFamily::REGULAR) const;
+  void drawTextRotated90CCW(int fontId, int x, int y, const char* text, bool black = true,
+                            EpdFontFamily::Style style = EpdFontFamily::REGULAR) const;
   int getTextHeight(int fontId) const;
 
   // Grayscale functions

lib/PlaceholderCover/BookIcon.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+
+// Book icon: 48x48, 1-bit packed (MSB first)
+// 0 = black, 1 = white (same format as Logo120.h)
+static constexpr int BOOK_ICON_WIDTH = 48;
+static constexpr int BOOK_ICON_HEIGHT = 48;
+static const uint8_t BookIcon[] = {
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x1f, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f,
+    0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f,
+    0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x01,
+    0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f,
+    0xfc, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f,
+    0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x9f, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f,
+    0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+};

lib/PlaceholderCover/PlaceholderCoverGenerator.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+#include "PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h"
+
+#include <EpdFont.h>
+#include <HalStorage.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <Utf8.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Include the UI fonts directly for self-contained placeholder rendering.
+// These are 1-bit bitmap fonts compiled from Ubuntu TTF.
+#include "builtinFonts/ubuntu_10_regular.h"
+#include "builtinFonts/ubuntu_12_bold.h"
+
+// Book icon bitmap (48x48 1-bit, generated by scripts/generate_book_icon.py)
+#include "BookIcon.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// BMP writing helpers (same format as JpegToBmpConverter)
+inline void write16(Print& out, const uint16_t value) {
+  out.write(value & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+inline void write32(Print& out, const uint32_t value) {
+  out.write(value & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+inline void write32Signed(Print& out, const int32_t value) {
+  out.write(value & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  out.write((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+void writeBmpHeader1bit(Print& bmpOut, const int width, const int height) {
+  const int bytesPerRow = (width + 31) / 32 * 4;
+  const int imageSize = bytesPerRow * height;
+  const uint32_t fileSize = 62 + imageSize;
+
+  // BMP File Header (14 bytes)
+  bmpOut.write('B');
+  bmpOut.write('M');
+  write32(bmpOut, fileSize);
+  write32(bmpOut, 0);   // Reserved
+  write32(bmpOut, 62);  // Offset to pixel data
+
+  // DIB Header (BITMAPINFOHEADER - 40 bytes)
+  write32(bmpOut, 40);
+  write32Signed(bmpOut, width);
+  write32Signed(bmpOut, -height);  // Negative = top-down
+  write16(bmpOut, 1);              // Color planes
+  write16(bmpOut, 1);              // Bits per pixel
+  write32(bmpOut, 0);              // BI_RGB
+  write32(bmpOut, imageSize);
+  write32(bmpOut, 2835);  // xPixelsPerMeter
+  write32(bmpOut, 2835);  // yPixelsPerMeter
+  write32(bmpOut, 2);     // colorsUsed
+  write32(bmpOut, 2);     // colorsImportant
+
+  // Palette: index 0 = black, index 1 = white
+  const uint8_t palette[8] = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  // Black
+      0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00   // White
+  };
+  for (const uint8_t b : palette) {
+    bmpOut.write(b);
+  }
+}
+
+/// 1-bit pixel buffer that can render text, icons, and shapes, then write as BMP.
+class PixelBuffer {
+ public:
+  PixelBuffer(int width, int height) : width(width), height(height) {
+    bytesPerRow = (width + 31) / 32 * 4;
+    bufferSize = bytesPerRow * height;
+    buffer = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(bufferSize));
+    if (buffer) {
+      memset(buffer, 0xFF, bufferSize);  // White background
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~PixelBuffer() {
+    if (buffer) {
+      free(buffer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool isValid() const { return buffer != nullptr; }
+
+  /// Set a pixel to black.
+  void setBlack(int x, int y) {
+    if (x < 0 || x >= width || y < 0 || y >= height) return;
+    const int byteIndex = y * bytesPerRow + x / 8;
+    const uint8_t bitMask = 0x80 >> (x % 8);
+    buffer[byteIndex] &= ~bitMask;
+  }
+
+  /// Set a scaled "pixel" (scale x scale block) to black.
+  void setBlackScaled(int x, int y, int scale) {
+    for (int dy = 0; dy < scale; dy++) {
+      for (int dx = 0; dx < scale; dx++) {
+        setBlack(x + dx, y + dy);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Draw a filled rectangle in black.
+  void fillRect(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
+    for (int row = y; row < y + h && row < height; row++) {
+      for (int col = x; col < x + w && col < width; col++) {
+        setBlack(col, row);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Draw a rectangular border in black.
+  void drawBorder(int x, int y, int w, int h, int thickness) {
+    fillRect(x, y, w, thickness);                  // Top
+    fillRect(x, y + h - thickness, w, thickness);   // Bottom
+    fillRect(x, y, thickness, h);                   // Left
+    fillRect(x + w - thickness, y, thickness, h);   // Right
+  }
+
+  /// Draw a horizontal line in black with configurable thickness.
+  void drawHLine(int x, int y, int length, int thickness = 1) {
+    fillRect(x, y, length, thickness);
+  }
+
+  /// Render a single glyph at (cursorX, baselineY) with integer scaling. Returns advance in X (scaled).
+  int renderGlyph(const EpdFontData* font, uint32_t codepoint, int cursorX, int baselineY, int scale = 1) {
+    const EpdFont fontObj(font);
+    const EpdGlyph* glyph = fontObj.getGlyph(codepoint);
+    if (!glyph) {
+      glyph = fontObj.getGlyph(REPLACEMENT_GLYPH);
+    }
+    if (!glyph) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t* bitmap = &font->bitmap[glyph->dataOffset];
+    const int glyphW = glyph->width;
+    const int glyphH = glyph->height;
+
+    for (int gy = 0; gy < glyphH; gy++) {
+      const int screenY = baselineY - glyph->top * scale + gy * scale;
+      for (int gx = 0; gx < glyphW; gx++) {
+        const int pixelPos = gy * glyphW + gx;
+        const int screenX = cursorX + glyph->left * scale + gx * scale;
+
+        bool isSet = false;
+        if (font->is2Bit) {
+          const uint8_t byte = bitmap[pixelPos / 4];
+          const uint8_t bitIndex = (3 - pixelPos % 4) * 2;
+          const uint8_t val = 3 - ((byte >> bitIndex) & 0x3);
+          isSet = (val < 3);
+        } else {
+          const uint8_t byte = bitmap[pixelPos / 8];
+          const uint8_t bitIndex = 7 - (pixelPos % 8);
+          isSet = ((byte >> bitIndex) & 1);
+        }
+
+        if (isSet) {
+          setBlackScaled(screenX, screenY, scale);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return glyph->advanceX * scale;
+  }
+
+  /// Render a UTF-8 string at (x, y) where y is the top of the text line, with integer scaling.
+  void drawText(const EpdFontData* font, int x, int y, const char* text, int scale = 1) {
+    const int baselineY = y + font->ascender * scale;
+    int cursorX = x;
+    uint32_t cp;
+    while ((cp = utf8NextCodepoint(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t**>(&text)))) {
+      cursorX += renderGlyph(font, cp, cursorX, baselineY, scale);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Draw a 1-bit icon bitmap (MSB first, 0=black, 1=white) with integer scaling.
+  void drawIcon(const uint8_t* icon, int iconW, int iconH, int x, int y, int scale = 1) {
+    const int bytesPerIconRow = iconW / 8;
+    for (int iy = 0; iy < iconH; iy++) {
+      for (int ix = 0; ix < iconW; ix++) {
+        const int byteIdx = iy * bytesPerIconRow + ix / 8;
+        const uint8_t bitMask = 0x80 >> (ix % 8);
+        // In the icon data: 0 = black (drawn), 1 = white (skip)
+        if (!(icon[byteIdx] & bitMask)) {
+          const int sx = x + ix * scale;
+          const int sy = y + iy * scale;
+          setBlackScaled(sx, sy, scale);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Write the pixel buffer to a file as a 1-bit BMP.
+  bool writeBmp(Print& out) const {
+    if (!buffer) return false;
+    writeBmpHeader1bit(out, width, height);
+    out.write(buffer, bufferSize);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int getWidth() const { return width; }
+  int getHeight() const { return height; }
+
+ private:
+  int width;
+  int height;
+  int bytesPerRow;
+  size_t bufferSize;
+  uint8_t* buffer;
+};
+
+/// Measure the width of a UTF-8 string in pixels (at 1x scale).
+int measureTextWidth(const EpdFontData* font, const char* text) {
+  const EpdFont fontObj(font);
+  int w = 0, h = 0;
+  fontObj.getTextDimensions(text, &w, &h);
+  return w;
+}
+
+/// Get the advance width of a single character.
+int getCharAdvance(const EpdFontData* font, uint32_t cp) {
+  const EpdFont fontObj(font);
+  const EpdGlyph* glyph = fontObj.getGlyph(cp);
+  if (!glyph) return 0;
+  return glyph->advanceX;
+}
+
+/// Split a string into words (splitting on spaces).
+std::vector<std::string> splitWords(const std::string& text) {
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  std::string current;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < text.size(); i++) {
+    if (text[i] == ' ') {
+      if (!current.empty()) {
+        words.push_back(current);
+        current.clear();
+      }
+    } else {
+      current += text[i];
+    }
+  }
+  if (!current.empty()) {
+    words.push_back(current);
+  }
+  return words;
+}
+
+/// Word-wrap text into lines that fit within maxWidth pixels at the given scale.
+std::vector<std::string> wrapText(const EpdFontData* font, const std::string& text, int maxWidth, int scale = 1) {
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  const auto words = splitWords(text);
+  if (words.empty()) return lines;
+
+  const int spaceWidth = getCharAdvance(font, ' ') * scale;
+  std::string currentLine;
+  int currentWidth = 0;
+
+  for (const auto& word : words) {
+    const int wordWidth = measureTextWidth(font, word.c_str()) * scale;
+
+    if (currentLine.empty()) {
+      currentLine = word;
+      currentWidth = wordWidth;
+    } else if (currentWidth + spaceWidth + wordWidth <= maxWidth) {
+      currentLine += " " + word;
+      currentWidth += spaceWidth + wordWidth;
+    } else {
+      lines.push_back(currentLine);
+      currentLine = word;
+      currentWidth = wordWidth;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!currentLine.empty()) {
+    lines.push_back(currentLine);
+  }
+
+  return lines;
+}
+
+/// Truncate a string with "..." if it exceeds maxWidth pixels at the given scale.
+std::string truncateText(const EpdFontData* font, const std::string& text, int maxWidth, int scale = 1) {
+  if (measureTextWidth(font, text.c_str()) * scale <= maxWidth) {
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  std::string truncated = text;
+  const char* ellipsis = "...";
+  const int ellipsisWidth = measureTextWidth(font, ellipsis) * scale;
+
+  while (!truncated.empty()) {
+    utf8RemoveLastChar(truncated);
+    if (measureTextWidth(font, truncated.c_str()) * scale + ellipsisWidth <= maxWidth) {
+      return truncated + ellipsis;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ellipsis;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+bool PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(const std::string& outputPath, const std::string& title,
+                                         const std::string& author, int width, int height) {
+  LOG_DBG("PHC", "Generating placeholder cover %dx%d: \"%s\" by \"%s\"", width, height, title.c_str(), author.c_str());
+
+  const EpdFontData* titleFont = &ubuntu_12_bold;
+  const EpdFontData* authorFont = &ubuntu_10_regular;
+
+  PixelBuffer buf(width, height);
+  if (!buf.isValid()) {
+    LOG_ERR("PHC", "Failed to allocate %dx%d pixel buffer (%d bytes)", width, height,
+            (width + 31) / 32 * 4 * height);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Proportional layout constants based on cover dimensions.
+  // The device bezel covers ~2-3px on each edge, so we pad inward from the edge.
+  const int edgePadding = std::max(3, width / 48);    // ~10px at 480w, ~3px at 136w
+  const int borderWidth = std::max(2, width / 96);     // ~5px at 480w, ~2px at 136w
+  const int innerPadding = std::max(4, width / 32);    // ~15px at 480w, ~4px at 136w
+
+  // Text scaling: 2x for full-size covers, 1x for thumbnails
+  const int titleScale = (height >= 600) ? 2 : 1;
+  const int authorScale = (height >= 600) ? 2 : 1;  // Author also larger on full covers
+  // Icon: 2x for full cover, 1x for medium thumb, skip for small
+  const int iconScale = (height >= 600) ? 2 : (height >= 350 ? 1 : 0);
+
+  // Draw border inset from edge
+  buf.drawBorder(edgePadding, edgePadding, width - 2 * edgePadding, height - 2 * edgePadding, borderWidth);
+
+  // Content area (inside border + inner padding)
+  const int contentX = edgePadding + borderWidth + innerPadding;
+  const int contentY = edgePadding + borderWidth + innerPadding;
+  const int contentW = width - 2 * contentX;
+  const int contentH = height - 2 * contentY;
+
+  if (contentW <= 0 || contentH <= 0) {
+    LOG_ERR("PHC", "Cover too small for content (%dx%d)", width, height);
+    FsFile file;
+    if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("PHC", outputPath, file)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    buf.writeBmp(file);
+    file.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // --- Layout zones ---
+  // Title zone: top 2/3 of content area (icon + title)
+  // Author zone: bottom 1/3 of content area
+  const int titleZoneH = contentH * 2 / 3;
+  const int authorZoneH = contentH - titleZoneH;
+  const int authorZoneY = contentY + titleZoneH;
+
+  // --- Separator line at the zone boundary ---
+  const int separatorWidth = contentW / 3;
+  const int separatorX = contentX + (contentW - separatorWidth) / 2;
+  buf.drawHLine(separatorX, authorZoneY, separatorWidth);
+
+  // --- Icon dimensions (needed for title text wrapping) ---
+  const int iconW = (iconScale > 0) ? BOOK_ICON_WIDTH * iconScale : 0;
+  const int iconGap = (iconScale > 0) ? std::max(8, width / 40) : 0;  // Gap between icon and title text
+  const int titleTextW = contentW - iconW - iconGap;  // Title wraps in narrower area beside icon
+
+  // --- Prepare title text (wraps within the area to the right of the icon) ---
+  const std::string displayTitle = title.empty() ? "Untitled" : title;
+  auto titleLines = wrapText(titleFont, displayTitle, titleTextW, titleScale);
+
+  constexpr int MAX_TITLE_LINES = 5;
+  if (static_cast<int>(titleLines.size()) > MAX_TITLE_LINES) {
+    titleLines.resize(MAX_TITLE_LINES);
+    titleLines.back() = truncateText(titleFont, titleLines.back(), titleTextW, titleScale);
+  }
+
+  // --- Prepare author text (multi-line, max 3 lines) ---
+  std::vector<std::string> authorLines;
+  if (!author.empty()) {
+    authorLines = wrapText(authorFont, author, contentW, authorScale);
+    constexpr int MAX_AUTHOR_LINES = 3;
+    if (static_cast<int>(authorLines.size()) > MAX_AUTHOR_LINES) {
+      authorLines.resize(MAX_AUTHOR_LINES);
+      authorLines.back() = truncateText(authorFont, authorLines.back(), contentW, authorScale);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // --- Calculate title zone layout (icon LEFT of title) ---
+  // Tighter line spacing so 2-3 title lines fit within the icon height
+  const int titleLineH = titleFont->advanceY * titleScale * 3 / 4;
+  const int iconH = (iconScale > 0) ? BOOK_ICON_HEIGHT * iconScale : 0;
+  const int numTitleLines = static_cast<int>(titleLines.size());
+  // Visual height: distance from top of first line to bottom of last line's glyphs.
+  // Use ascender (not full advanceY) for the last line since trailing line-gap isn't visible.
+  const int titleVisualH = (numTitleLines > 0)
+                               ? (numTitleLines - 1) * titleLineH + titleFont->ascender * titleScale
+                               : 0;
+  const int titleBlockH = std::max(iconH, titleVisualH);  // Taller of icon or text
+
+  int titleStartY = contentY + (titleZoneH - titleBlockH) / 2;
+  if (titleStartY < contentY) {
+    titleStartY = contentY;
+  }
+
+  // If title fits within icon height, center it vertically against the icon.
+  // Otherwise top-align so extra lines overflow below.
+  const int iconY = titleStartY;
+  const int titleTextY = (iconH > 0 && titleVisualH <= iconH)
+                             ? titleStartY + (iconH - titleVisualH) / 2
+                             : titleStartY;
+
+  // --- Horizontal centering: measure the widest title line, then center icon+gap+text block ---
+  int maxTitleLineW = 0;
+  for (const auto& line : titleLines) {
+    const int w = measureTextWidth(titleFont, line.c_str()) * titleScale;
+    if (w > maxTitleLineW) maxTitleLineW = w;
+  }
+  const int titleBlockW = iconW + iconGap + maxTitleLineW;
+  const int titleBlockX = contentX + (contentW - titleBlockW) / 2;
+
+  // --- Draw icon ---
+  if (iconScale > 0) {
+    buf.drawIcon(BookIcon, BOOK_ICON_WIDTH, BOOK_ICON_HEIGHT, titleBlockX, iconY, iconScale);
+  }
+
+  // --- Draw title lines (to the right of the icon) ---
+  const int titleTextX = titleBlockX + iconW + iconGap;
+  int currentY = titleTextY;
+  for (const auto& line : titleLines) {
+    buf.drawText(titleFont, titleTextX, currentY, line.c_str(), titleScale);
+    currentY += titleLineH;
+  }
+
+  // --- Draw author lines (centered vertically in bottom 1/3, centered horizontally) ---
+  if (!authorLines.empty()) {
+    const int authorLineH = authorFont->advanceY * authorScale;
+    const int authorBlockH = static_cast<int>(authorLines.size()) * authorLineH;
+    int authorStartY = authorZoneY + (authorZoneH - authorBlockH) / 2;
+    if (authorStartY < authorZoneY + 4) {
+      authorStartY = authorZoneY + 4;  // Small gap below separator
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& line : authorLines) {
+      const int lineWidth = measureTextWidth(authorFont, line.c_str()) * authorScale;
+      const int lineX = contentX + (contentW - lineWidth) / 2;
+      buf.drawText(authorFont, lineX, authorStartY, line.c_str(), authorScale);
+      authorStartY += authorLineH;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // --- Write to file ---
+  FsFile file;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("PHC", outputPath, file)) {
+    LOG_ERR("PHC", "Failed to open output file: %s", outputPath.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const bool success = buf.writeBmp(file);
+  file.close();
+
+  if (success) {
+    LOG_DBG("PHC", "Placeholder cover written to %s", outputPath.c_str());
+  } else {
+    LOG_ERR("PHC", "Failed to write placeholder BMP");
+    Storage.remove(outputPath.c_str());
+  }
+
+  return success;
+}

lib/PlaceholderCover/PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+/// Generates simple 1-bit BMP placeholder covers with title/author text
+/// for books that have no embedded cover image.
+class PlaceholderCoverGenerator {
+ public:
+  /// Generate a placeholder cover BMP with title and author text.
+  /// The BMP is written to outputPath as a 1-bit black-and-white image.
+  /// Returns true if the file was written successfully.
+  static bool generate(const std::string& outputPath, const std::string& title, const std::string& author, int width,
+                       int height);
+};

lib/Txt/Txt.cpp

@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ std::string Txt::findCoverImage() const {
 
 std::string Txt::getCoverBmpPath() const { return cachePath + "/cover.bmp"; }
 
+std::string Txt::getThumbBmpPath() const { return cachePath + "/thumb_[HEIGHT].bmp"; }
+std::string Txt::getThumbBmpPath(int height) const { return cachePath + "/thumb_" + std::to_string(height) + ".bmp"; }
+
 bool Txt::generateCoverBmp() const {
   // Already generated, return true
   if (Storage.exists(getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) {

lib/Txt/Txt.h

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ class Txt {
   [[nodiscard]] bool generateCoverBmp() const;
   [[nodiscard]] std::string findCoverImage() const;
 
+  // Thumbnail paths (matching Epub/Xtc pattern for home screen covers)
+  [[nodiscard]] std::string getThumbBmpPath() const;
+  [[nodiscard]] std::string getThumbBmpPath(int height) const;
+
   // Read content from file
   [[nodiscard]] bool readContent(uint8_t* buffer, size_t offset, size_t length) const;
 };

lib/hal/HalGPIO.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 #include <HalGPIO.h>
 #include <SPI.h>
-#include <esp_sleep.h>
 
 void HalGPIO::begin() {
   inputMgr.begin();
   SPI.begin(EPD_SCLK, SPI_MISO, EPD_MOSI, EPD_CS);
-  pinMode(BAT_GPIO0, INPUT);
   pinMode(UART0_RXD, INPUT);
 }
 
@@ -23,23 +21,6 @@ bool HalGPIO::wasAnyReleased() const { return inputMgr.wasAnyReleased(); }
 
 unsigned long HalGPIO::getHeldTime() const { return inputMgr.getHeldTime(); }
 
-void HalGPIO::startDeepSleep() {
-  // Ensure that the power button has been released to avoid immediately turning back on if you're holding it
-  while (inputMgr.isPressed(BTN_POWER)) {
-    delay(50);
-    inputMgr.update();
-  }
-  // Arm the wakeup trigger *after* the button is released
-  esp_deep_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup(1ULL << InputManager::POWER_BUTTON_PIN, ESP_GPIO_WAKEUP_GPIO_LOW);
-  // Enter Deep Sleep
-  esp_deep_sleep_start();
-}
-
-int HalGPIO::getBatteryPercentage() const {
-  static const BatteryMonitor battery = BatteryMonitor(BAT_GPIO0);
-  return battery.readPercentage();
-}
-
 bool HalGPIO::isUsbConnected() const {
   // U0RXD/GPIO20 reads HIGH when USB is connected
   return digitalRead(UART0_RXD) == HIGH;

lib/hal/HalGPIO.h

@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@ class HalGPIO {
   bool wasAnyReleased() const;
   unsigned long getHeldTime() const;
 
-  // Setup wake up GPIO and enter deep sleep
-  void startDeepSleep();
-
-  // Get battery percentage (range 0-100)
-  int getBatteryPercentage() const;
-
   // Check if USB is connected
   bool isUsbConnected() const;
 

lib/hal/HalPowerManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "HalPowerManager.h"
+
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <esp_sleep.h>
+
+#include "HalGPIO.h"
+
+void HalPowerManager::begin() {
+  pinMode(BAT_GPIO0, INPUT);
+  normalFreq = getCpuFrequencyMhz();
+}
+
+void HalPowerManager::setPowerSaving(bool enabled) {
+  if (normalFreq <= 0) {
+    return;  // invalid state
+  }
+  if (enabled && !isLowPower) {
+    LOG_DBG("PWR", "Going to low-power mode");
+    if (!setCpuFrequencyMhz(LOW_POWER_FREQ)) {
+      LOG_DBG("PWR", "Failed to set CPU frequency = %d MHz", LOW_POWER_FREQ);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!enabled && isLowPower) {
+    LOG_DBG("PWR", "Restoring normal CPU frequency");
+    if (!setCpuFrequencyMhz(normalFreq)) {
+      LOG_DBG("PWR", "Failed to set CPU frequency = %d MHz", normalFreq);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  isLowPower = enabled;
+}
+
+void HalPowerManager::startDeepSleep(HalGPIO& gpio) const {
+  // Ensure that the power button has been released to avoid immediately turning back on if you're holding it
+  while (gpio.isPressed(HalGPIO::BTN_POWER)) {
+    delay(50);
+    gpio.update();
+  }
+  // Arm the wakeup trigger *after* the button is released
+  esp_deep_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup(1ULL << InputManager::POWER_BUTTON_PIN, ESP_GPIO_WAKEUP_GPIO_LOW);
+  // Enter Deep Sleep
+  esp_deep_sleep_start();
+}
+
+int HalPowerManager::getBatteryPercentage() const {
+  static const BatteryMonitor battery = BatteryMonitor(BAT_GPIO0);
+  return battery.readPercentage();
+}

lib/hal/HalPowerManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <BatteryMonitor.h>
+#include <InputManager.h>
+
+#include "HalGPIO.h"
+
+class HalPowerManager {
+  int normalFreq = 0;  // MHz
+  bool isLowPower = false;
+
+ public:
+  static constexpr int LOW_POWER_FREQ = 10;                    // MHz
+  static constexpr unsigned long IDLE_POWER_SAVING_MS = 3000;  // ms
+
+  void begin();
+
+  // Control CPU frequency for power saving
+  void setPowerSaving(bool enabled);
+
+  // Setup wake up GPIO and enter deep sleep
+  void startDeepSleep(HalGPIO& gpio) const;
+
+  // Get battery percentage (range 0-100)
+  int getBatteryPercentage() const;
+};

platformio.ini

@@ -58,6 +58,22 @@ build_flags =
   -DLOG_LEVEL=2 ; Set log level to debug for development builds
 
 
+[env:mod]
+extends = base
+extra_scripts =
+  ${base.extra_scripts}
+  pre:scripts/inject_mod_version.py
+build_flags =
+  ${base.build_flags}
+  -DOMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
+  -DOMIT_HYPH_DE
+  -DOMIT_HYPH_ES
+  -DOMIT_HYPH_FR
+  -DOMIT_HYPH_IT
+  -DOMIT_HYPH_RU
+  -DENABLE_SERIAL_LOG
+  -DLOG_LEVEL=2 ; Set log level to debug for mod builds
+
 [env:gh_release]
 extends = base
 build_flags =

scripts/generate_book_icon.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Generate a 1-bit book icon bitmap as a C header for PlaceholderCoverGenerator.
+
+The icon is a simplified closed book with a spine on the left and 3 text lines.
+Output format matches Logo120.h: MSB-first packed 1-bit, 0=black, 1=white.
+"""
+
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+import sys
+
+
+def generate_book_icon(size=48):
+    """Create a book icon at the given size."""
+    img = Image.new("1", (size, size), 1)  # White background
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
+
+    # Scale helper
+    s = size / 48.0
+
+    # Book body (main rectangle, leaving room for spine and pages)
+    body_left = int(6 * s)
+    body_top = int(2 * s)
+    body_right = int(42 * s)
+    body_bottom = int(40 * s)
+
+    # Draw book body outline (2px thick)
+    for i in range(int(2 * s)):
+        draw.rectangle(
+            [body_left + i, body_top + i, body_right - i, body_bottom - i], outline=0
+        )
+
+    # Spine (thicker left edge)
+    spine_width = int(4 * s)
+    draw.rectangle([body_left, body_top, body_left + spine_width, body_bottom], fill=0)
+
+    # Pages at the bottom (slight offset from body)
+    pages_top = body_bottom
+    pages_bottom = int(44 * s)
+    draw.rectangle(
+        [body_left + int(2 * s), pages_top, body_right - int(1 * s), pages_bottom],
+        outline=0,
+    )
+    # Page edges (a few lines)
+    for i in range(3):
+        y = pages_top + int((i + 1) * 1 * s)
+        if y < pages_bottom:
+            draw.line(
+                [body_left + int(3 * s), y, body_right - int(2 * s), y], fill=0
+            )
+
+    # Text lines on the book cover
+    text_left = body_left + spine_width + int(4 * s)
+    text_right = body_right - int(4 * s)
+    line_thickness = max(1, int(1.5 * s))
+
+    text_lines_y = [int(12 * s), int(18 * s), int(24 * s)]
+    text_widths = [1.0, 0.7, 0.85]  # Relative widths for visual interest
+
+    for y, w_ratio in zip(text_lines_y, text_widths):
+        line_right = text_left + int((text_right - text_left) * w_ratio)
+        for t in range(line_thickness):
+            draw.line([text_left, y + t, line_right, y + t], fill=0)
+
+    return img
+
+
+def image_to_c_array(img, name="BookIcon"):
+    """Convert a 1-bit PIL image to a C header array."""
+    width, height = img.size
+    pixels = img.load()
+
+    bytes_per_row = width // 8
+    data = []
+
+    for y in range(height):
+        for bx in range(bytes_per_row):
+            byte = 0
+            for bit in range(8):
+                x = bx * 8 + bit
+                if x < width:
+                    # 1 = white, 0 = black (matching Logo120.h convention)
+                    if pixels[x, y]:
+                        byte |= 1 << (7 - bit)
+            data.append(byte)
+
+    # Format as C header
+    lines = []
+    lines.append("#pragma once")
+    lines.append("#include <cstdint>")
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append(f"// Book icon: {width}x{height}, 1-bit packed (MSB first)")
+    lines.append(f"// 0 = black, 1 = white (same format as Logo120.h)")
+    lines.append(f"static constexpr int BOOK_ICON_WIDTH = {width};")
+    lines.append(f"static constexpr int BOOK_ICON_HEIGHT = {height};")
+    lines.append(f"static const uint8_t {name}[] = {{")
+
+    # Format data in rows of 16 bytes
+    for i in range(0, len(data), 16):
+        chunk = data[i : i + 16]
+        hex_str = ", ".join(f"0x{b:02x}" for b in chunk)
+        lines.append(f"    {hex_str},")
+
+    lines.append("};")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    size = int(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 48
+    img = generate_book_icon(size)
+
+    # Save preview PNG
+    preview_path = f"mod/book_icon_{size}x{size}.png"
+    img.resize((size * 4, size * 4), Image.NEAREST).save(preview_path)
+    print(f"Preview saved to {preview_path}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Generate C header
+    header = image_to_c_array(img, "BookIcon")
+    output_path = "lib/PlaceholderCover/BookIcon.h"
+    with open(output_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write(header)
+    print(f"C header saved to {output_path}", file=sys.stderr)

scripts/inject_mod_version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Import("env")
+import subprocess
+
+config = env.GetProjectConfig()
+version = config.get("crosspoint", "version")
+
+result = subprocess.run(
+    ["git", "rev-parse", "--short", "HEAD"],
+    capture_output=True, text=True
+)
+git_hash = result.stdout.strip()
+
+env.Append(
+    BUILD_FLAGS=[f'-DCROSSPOINT_VERSION=\\"{version}-mod+{git_hash}\\"']
+)

scripts/preview_placeholder_cover.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Generate a preview of the placeholder cover layout at full cover size (480x800).
+This mirrors the C++ PlaceholderCoverGenerator layout logic for visual verification.
+"""
+
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+import sys
+import os
+
+# Reuse the book icon generator
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(__file__))
+from generate_book_icon import generate_book_icon
+
+
+def create_preview(width=480, height=800, title="The Great Gatsby", author="F. Scott Fitzgerald"):
+    img = Image.new("1", (width, height), 1)  # White
+    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
+
+    # Proportional layout constants
+    edge_padding = max(3, width // 48)      # ~10px at 480w
+    border_width = max(2, width // 96)      # ~5px at 480w
+    inner_padding = max(4, width // 32)     # ~15px at 480w
+
+    title_scale = 2 if height >= 600 else 1
+    author_scale = 2 if height >= 600 else 1  # Author also larger on full covers
+    icon_scale = 2 if height >= 600 else (1 if height >= 350 else 0)
+
+    # Draw border inset from edge
+    bx = edge_padding
+    by = edge_padding
+    bw = width - 2 * edge_padding
+    bh = height - 2 * edge_padding
+    for i in range(border_width):
+        draw.rectangle([bx + i, by + i, bx + bw - 1 - i, by + bh - 1 - i], outline=0)
+
+    # Content area
+    content_x = edge_padding + border_width + inner_padding
+    content_y = edge_padding + border_width + inner_padding
+    content_w = width - 2 * content_x
+    content_h = height - 2 * content_y
+
+    # Zones
+    title_zone_h = content_h * 2 // 3
+    author_zone_h = content_h - title_zone_h
+    author_zone_y = content_y + title_zone_h
+
+    # Separator
+    sep_w = content_w // 3
+    sep_x = content_x + (content_w - sep_w) // 2
+    draw.line([sep_x, author_zone_y, sep_x + sep_w, author_zone_y], fill=0)
+
+    # Use a basic font for the preview (won't match exact Ubuntu metrics, but shows layout)
+    try:
+        title_font = ImageFont.truetype("/System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.ttc", 12 * title_scale)
+        author_font = ImageFont.truetype("/System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.ttc", 10 * author_scale)
+    except (OSError, IOError):
+        title_font = ImageFont.load_default()
+        author_font = ImageFont.load_default()
+
+    # Icon dimensions (needed for title text wrapping)
+    icon_w_px = 48 * icon_scale if icon_scale > 0 else 0
+    icon_h_px = 48 * icon_scale if icon_scale > 0 else 0
+    icon_gap = max(8, width // 40) if icon_scale > 0 else 0
+    title_text_w = content_w - icon_w_px - icon_gap  # Title wraps in narrower area beside icon
+
+    # Wrap title (within the narrower area to the right of the icon)
+    title_lines = []
+    words = title.split()
+    current_line = ""
+    for word in words:
+        test = f"{current_line} {word}".strip()
+        bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), test, font=title_font)
+        if bbox[2] - bbox[0] <= title_text_w:
+            current_line = test
+        else:
+            if current_line:
+                title_lines.append(current_line)
+            current_line = word
+    if current_line:
+        title_lines.append(current_line)
+    title_lines = title_lines[:5]
+
+    # Line spacing: 75% of advanceY (tighter so 2-3 lines fit within icon height)
+    title_line_h = 29 * title_scale * 3 // 4  # Based on C++ ubuntu_12_bold advanceY
+
+    # Measure actual single-line height from the PIL font for accurate centering
+    sample_bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), "Ag", font=title_font)  # Tall + descender chars
+    single_line_visual_h = sample_bbox[3] - sample_bbox[1]
+
+    # Visual height: line spacing between lines + actual height of last line's glyphs
+    num_title_lines = len(title_lines)
+    title_visual_h = (num_title_lines - 1) * title_line_h + single_line_visual_h if num_title_lines > 0 else 0
+    title_block_h = max(icon_h_px, title_visual_h)
+
+    title_start_y = content_y + (title_zone_h - title_block_h) // 2
+    if title_start_y < content_y:
+        title_start_y = content_y
+
+    # If title fits within icon height, center it vertically against the icon.
+    # Otherwise top-align so extra lines overflow below.
+    icon_y = title_start_y
+    if icon_h_px > 0 and title_visual_h <= icon_h_px:
+        title_text_y = title_start_y + (icon_h_px - title_visual_h) // 2
+    else:
+        title_text_y = title_start_y
+
+    # Horizontal centering: measure widest title line, center icon+gap+text block
+    max_title_line_w = 0
+    for line in title_lines:
+        bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), line, font=title_font)
+        w = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
+        if w > max_title_line_w:
+            max_title_line_w = w
+    title_block_w = icon_w_px + icon_gap + max_title_line_w
+    title_block_x = content_x + (content_w - title_block_w) // 2
+
+    # Draw icon
+    if icon_scale > 0:
+        icon_img = generate_book_icon(48)
+        scaled_icon = icon_img.resize((icon_w_px, icon_h_px), Image.NEAREST)
+        for iy in range(scaled_icon.height):
+            for ix in range(scaled_icon.width):
+                if not scaled_icon.getpixel((ix, iy)):
+                    img.putpixel((title_block_x + ix, icon_y + iy), 0)
+
+    # Draw title (to the right of the icon)
+    title_text_x = title_block_x + icon_w_px + icon_gap
+    current_y = title_text_y
+    for line in title_lines:
+        draw.text((title_text_x, current_y), line, fill=0, font=title_font)
+        current_y += title_line_h
+
+    # Wrap author
+    author_lines = []
+    words = author.split()
+    current_line = ""
+    for word in words:
+        test = f"{current_line} {word}".strip()
+        bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), test, font=author_font)
+        if bbox[2] - bbox[0] <= content_w:
+            current_line = test
+        else:
+            if current_line:
+                author_lines.append(current_line)
+            current_line = word
+    if current_line:
+        author_lines.append(current_line)
+    author_lines = author_lines[:3]
+
+    # Draw author centered in bottom 1/3
+    author_line_h = 24 * author_scale  # Ubuntu 10 regular advanceY ~24
+    author_block_h = len(author_lines) * author_line_h
+    author_start_y = author_zone_y + (author_zone_h - author_block_h) // 2
+
+    for line in author_lines:
+        bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), line, font=author_font)
+        line_w = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
+        line_x = content_x + (content_w - line_w) // 2
+        draw.text((line_x, author_start_y), line, fill=0, font=author_font)
+        author_start_y += author_line_h
+
+    return img
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Full cover
+    img = create_preview(480, 800, "A Really Long Book Title That Should Wrap", "Jane Doe")
+    img.save("mod/preview_cover_480x800.png")
+    print("Saved mod/preview_cover_480x800.png", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Medium thumbnail
+    img2 = create_preview(240, 400, "A Really Long Book Title That Should Wrap", "Jane Doe")
+    img2.save("mod/preview_thumb_240x400.png")
+    print("Saved mod/preview_thumb_240x400.png", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Small thumbnail
+    img3 = create_preview(136, 226, "A Really Long Book Title", "Jane Doe")
+    img3.save("mod/preview_thumb_136x226.png")
+    print("Saved mod/preview_thumb_136x226.png", file=sys.stderr)

src/CrossPointSettings.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void readAndValidate(FsFile& file, uint8_t& member, const uint8_t maxValue) {
 namespace {
 constexpr uint8_t SETTINGS_FILE_VERSION = 1;
 // Increment this when adding new persisted settings fields
-constexpr uint8_t SETTINGS_COUNT = 30;
+constexpr uint8_t SETTINGS_COUNT = 31;
 constexpr char SETTINGS_FILE[] = "/.crosspoint/settings.bin";
 
 // Validate front button mapping to ensure each hardware button is unique.
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ bool CrossPointSettings::saveToFile() const {
   serialization::writePod(outputFile, frontButtonRight);
   serialization::writePod(outputFile, fadingFix);
   serialization::writePod(outputFile, embeddedStyle);
+  serialization::writePod(outputFile, sleepScreenLetterboxFill);
   // New fields added at end for backward compatibility
   outputFile.close();
 
@@ -223,6 +224,10 @@ bool CrossPointSettings::loadFromFile() {
     if (++settingsRead >= fileSettingsCount) break;
     serialization::readPod(inputFile, embeddedStyle);
     if (++settingsRead >= fileSettingsCount) break;
+    readAndValidate(inputFile, sleepScreenLetterboxFill, SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL_COUNT);
+    if (++settingsRead >= fileSettingsCount) break;
+    { uint8_t _ignore; serialization::readPod(inputFile, _ignore); }  // legacy: sleepScreenGradientDir
+    if (++settingsRead >= fileSettingsCount) break;
     // New fields added at end for backward compatibility
   } while (false);
 
@@ -239,8 +244,8 @@ bool CrossPointSettings::loadFromFile() {
 
 float CrossPointSettings::getReaderLineCompression() const {
   switch (fontFamily) {
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
     case BOOKERLY:
-    default:
       switch (lineSpacing) {
         case TIGHT:
           return 0.95f;
@@ -250,6 +255,8 @@ float CrossPointSettings::getReaderLineCompression() const {
         case WIDE:
           return 1.1f;
       }
+#endif  // OMIT_BOOKERLY
+#ifndef OMIT_NOTOSANS
     case NOTOSANS:
       switch (lineSpacing) {
         case TIGHT:
@@ -260,6 +267,8 @@ float CrossPointSettings::getReaderLineCompression() const {
         case WIDE:
           return 1.0f;
       }
+#endif  // OMIT_NOTOSANS
+#ifndef OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
     case OPENDYSLEXIC:
       switch (lineSpacing) {
         case TIGHT:
@@ -270,6 +279,30 @@ float CrossPointSettings::getReaderLineCompression() const {
         case WIDE:
           return 1.0f;
       }
+#endif  // OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
+    default:
+      // Fallback: use Bookerly-style compression, or Noto Sans if Bookerly is omitted
+#if !defined(OMIT_BOOKERLY)
+      switch (lineSpacing) {
+        case TIGHT:
+          return 0.95f;
+        case NORMAL:
+        default:
+          return 1.0f;
+        case WIDE:
+          return 1.1f;
+      }
+#else
+      switch (lineSpacing) {
+        case TIGHT:
+          return 0.90f;
+        case NORMAL:
+        default:
+          return 0.95f;
+        case WIDE:
+          return 1.0f;
+      }
+#endif
   }
 }
 
@@ -307,8 +340,8 @@ int CrossPointSettings::getRefreshFrequency() const {
 
 int CrossPointSettings::getReaderFontId() const {
   switch (fontFamily) {
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
     case BOOKERLY:
-    default:
       switch (fontSize) {
         case SMALL:
           return BOOKERLY_12_FONT_ID;
@@ -320,6 +353,8 @@ int CrossPointSettings::getReaderFontId() const {
         case EXTRA_LARGE:
           return BOOKERLY_18_FONT_ID;
       }
+#endif  // OMIT_BOOKERLY
+#ifndef OMIT_NOTOSANS
     case NOTOSANS:
       switch (fontSize) {
         case SMALL:
@@ -332,6 +367,8 @@ int CrossPointSettings::getReaderFontId() const {
         case EXTRA_LARGE:
           return NOTOSANS_18_FONT_ID;
       }
+#endif  // OMIT_NOTOSANS
+#ifndef OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
     case OPENDYSLEXIC:
       switch (fontSize) {
         case SMALL:
@@ -344,5 +381,17 @@ int CrossPointSettings::getReaderFontId() const {
         case EXTRA_LARGE:
           return OPENDYSLEXIC_14_FONT_ID;
       }
+#endif  // OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
+    default:
+      // Fallback to first available font family at medium size
+#if !defined(OMIT_BOOKERLY)
+      return BOOKERLY_14_FONT_ID;
+#elif !defined(OMIT_NOTOSANS)
+      return NOTOSANS_14_FONT_ID;
+#elif !defined(OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC)
+      return OPENDYSLEXIC_10_FONT_ID;
+#else
+#error "At least one font family must be available"
+#endif
   }
 }

src/CrossPointSettings.h

@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ class CrossPointSettings {
     INVERTED_BLACK_AND_WHITE = 2,
     SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_FILTER_COUNT
   };
+  enum SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL {
+    LETTERBOX_DITHERED = 0,
+    LETTERBOX_SOLID = 1,
+    LETTERBOX_NONE = 2,
+    SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL_COUNT
+  };
 
   // Status bar display type enum
   enum STATUS_BAR_MODE {
@@ -125,6 +131,8 @@ class CrossPointSettings {
   uint8_t sleepScreenCoverMode = FIT;
   // Sleep screen cover filter
   uint8_t sleepScreenCoverFilter = NO_FILTER;
+  // Sleep screen letterbox fill mode (Dithered / Solid / None)
+  uint8_t sleepScreenLetterboxFill = LETTERBOX_DITHERED;
   // Status bar settings
   uint8_t statusBar = FULL;
   // Text rendering settings

src/SettingsList.h

@@ -6,10 +6,36 @@
 #include "KOReaderCredentialStore.h"
 #include "activities/settings/SettingsActivity.h"
 
+// Compile-time table of available font families and their enum values.
+// Used by the DynamicEnum getter/setter to map between list indices and stored FONT_FAMILY values.
+struct FontFamilyMapping {
+  const char* name;
+  uint8_t value;
+};
+inline constexpr FontFamilyMapping kFontFamilyMappings[] = {
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
+    {"Bookerly", CrossPointSettings::BOOKERLY},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_NOTOSANS
+    {"Noto Sans", CrossPointSettings::NOTOSANS},
+#endif
+#ifndef OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
+    {"Open Dyslexic", CrossPointSettings::OPENDYSLEXIC},
+#endif
+};
+inline constexpr size_t kFontFamilyMappingCount = sizeof(kFontFamilyMappings) / sizeof(kFontFamilyMappings[0]);
+static_assert(kFontFamilyMappingCount > 0, "At least one font family must be available");
+
 // Shared settings list used by both the device settings UI and the web settings API.
 // Each entry has a key (for JSON API) and category (for grouping).
 // ACTION-type entries and entries without a key are device-only.
 inline std::vector<SettingInfo> getSettingsList() {
+  // Build font family options from the compile-time mapping table
+  std::vector<std::string> fontFamilyOptions;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kFontFamilyMappingCount; i++) {
+    fontFamilyOptions.push_back(kFontFamilyMappings[i].name);
+  }
+
   return {
       // --- Display ---
       SettingInfo::Enum("Sleep Screen", &CrossPointSettings::sleepScreen,
@@ -18,6 +44,8 @@ inline std::vector<SettingInfo> getSettingsList() {
                         "sleepScreenCoverMode", "Display"),
       SettingInfo::Enum("Sleep Screen Cover Filter", &CrossPointSettings::sleepScreenCoverFilter,
                         {"None", "Contrast", "Inverted"}, "sleepScreenCoverFilter", "Display"),
+      SettingInfo::Enum("Letterbox Fill", &CrossPointSettings::sleepScreenLetterboxFill,
+                        {"Dithered", "Solid", "None"}, "sleepScreenLetterboxFill", "Display"),
       SettingInfo::Enum(
           "Status Bar", &CrossPointSettings::statusBar,
           {"None", "No Progress", "Full w/ Percentage", "Full w/ Book Bar", "Book Bar Only", "Full w/ Chapter Bar"},
@@ -30,8 +58,20 @@ inline std::vector<SettingInfo> getSettingsList() {
       SettingInfo::Toggle("Sunlight Fading Fix", &CrossPointSettings::fadingFix, "fadingFix", "Display"),
 
       // --- Reader ---
-      SettingInfo::Enum("Font Family", &CrossPointSettings::fontFamily, {"Bookerly", "Noto Sans", "Open Dyslexic"},
-                        "fontFamily", "Reader"),
+      SettingInfo::DynamicEnum(
+          "Font Family", std::move(fontFamilyOptions),
+          []() -> uint8_t {
+            for (uint8_t i = 0; i < kFontFamilyMappingCount; i++) {
+              if (kFontFamilyMappings[i].value == SETTINGS.fontFamily) return i;
+            }
+            return 0;  // fallback to first available family
+          },
+          [](uint8_t idx) {
+            if (idx < kFontFamilyMappingCount) {
+              SETTINGS.fontFamily = kFontFamilyMappings[idx].value;
+            }
+          },
+          "fontFamily", "Reader"),
       SettingInfo::Enum("Font Size", &CrossPointSettings::fontSize, {"Small", "Medium", "Large", "X Large"}, "fontSize",
                         "Reader"),
       SettingInfo::Enum("Line Spacing", &CrossPointSettings::lineSpacing, {"Tight", "Normal", "Wide"}, "lineSpacing",

src/activities/ActivityWithSubactivity.h

@@ -14,4 +14,6 @@ class ActivityWithSubactivity : public Activity {
       : Activity(std::move(name), renderer, mappedInput) {}
   void loop() override;
   void onExit() override;
+  bool preventAutoSleep() override { return subActivity && subActivity->preventAutoSleep(); }
+  bool skipLoopDelay() override { return subActivity && subActivity->skipLoopDelay(); }
 };

src/activities/boot_sleep/SleepActivity.cpp

@@ -3,16 +3,347 @@
 #include <Epub.h>
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h>
+#include <Serialization.h>
 #include <Txt.h>
 #include <Xtc.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
 #include "CrossPointSettings.h"
 #include "CrossPointState.h"
+#include "util/BookSettings.h"
 #include "components/UITheme.h"
 #include "fontIds.h"
 #include "images/Logo120.h"
 #include "util/StringUtils.h"
 
+namespace {
+
+// Number of source pixels along the image edge to average for the dominant color
+constexpr int EDGE_SAMPLE_DEPTH = 20;
+
+// Map a 2-bit quantized pixel value to an 8-bit grayscale value
+constexpr uint8_t val2bitToGray(uint8_t val2bit) { return val2bit * 85; }
+
+// Letterbox fill data: one average gray value per edge (top/bottom or left/right).
+struct LetterboxFillData {
+  uint8_t avgA = 128;       // average gray of edge A (top or left)
+  uint8_t avgB = 128;       // average gray of edge B (bottom or right)
+  int letterboxA = 0;       // pixel size of the first letterbox area (top or left)
+  int letterboxB = 0;       // pixel size of the second letterbox area (bottom or right)
+  bool horizontal = false;  // true = top/bottom letterbox, false = left/right
+  bool valid = false;
+};
+
+// Snap an 8-bit gray value to the nearest of the 4 e-ink levels: 0, 85, 170, 255.
+uint8_t snapToEinkLevel(uint8_t gray) {
+  // Thresholds at midpoints: 42, 127, 212
+  if (gray < 43) return 0;
+  if (gray < 128) return 85;
+  if (gray < 213) return 170;
+  return 255;
+}
+
+// 4x4 Bayer ordered dithering matrix, values 0-255.
+// Produces a structured halftone pattern for 4-level quantization.
+// clang-format off
+constexpr uint8_t BAYER_4X4[4][4] = {
+  {  0, 128,  32, 160},
+  {192,  64, 224,  96},
+  { 48, 176,  16, 144},
+  {240, 112, 208,  80}
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+// Ordered (Bayer) dithering for 4-level e-ink display.
+// Maps an 8-bit gray value to a 2-bit level (0-3) using the Bayer matrix
+// to produce a structured, repeating halftone pattern.
+uint8_t quantizeBayerDither(int gray, int x, int y) {
+  const int threshold = BAYER_4X4[y & 3][x & 3];
+  const int scaled = gray * 3;
+  if (scaled < 255) {
+    return (scaled + threshold >= 255) ? 1 : 0;
+  } else if (scaled < 510) {
+    return ((scaled - 255) + threshold >= 255) ? 2 : 1;
+  } else {
+    return ((scaled - 510) + threshold >= 255) ? 3 : 2;
+  }
+}
+
+// Check whether a gray value would produce a dithered mix that crosses the
+// level-2 / level-3 boundary.  This is the ONLY boundary where some dithered
+// pixels are BLACK (level ≤ 2) and others are WHITE (level 3) in the BW pass,
+// creating a high-frequency checkerboard that causes e-ink display crosstalk
+// and washes out adjacent content during HALF_REFRESH.
+// Gray values 171-254 produce a level-2/level-3 mix via Bayer dithering.
+bool bayerCrossesBwBoundary(uint8_t gray) {
+  return gray > 170 && gray < 255;
+}
+
+// Hash-based block dithering for BW-boundary gray values (171-254).
+// Each blockSize×blockSize pixel block gets a single uniform level (2 or 3),
+// determined by a deterministic spatial hash.  The proportion of level-3 blocks
+// approximates the target gray.  Unlike Bayer, the pattern is irregular
+// (noise-like), making it much less visually obvious at the same block size.
+// The hash is purely spatial (depends only on x, y, blockSize) so it produces
+// identical levels across BW, LSB, and MSB render passes.
+static constexpr int BW_DITHER_BLOCK = 2;
+
+uint8_t hashBlockDither(uint8_t avg, int x, int y) {
+  const int bx = x / BW_DITHER_BLOCK;
+  const int by = y / BW_DITHER_BLOCK;
+  // Fast mixing hash (splitmix32-inspired)
+  uint32_t h = (uint32_t)bx * 2654435761u ^ (uint32_t)by * 2246822519u;
+  h ^= h >> 16;
+  h *= 0x45d9f3bu;
+  h ^= h >> 16;
+  // Proportion of level-3 blocks needed to approximate the target gray
+  const float ratio = (avg - 170.0f) / 85.0f;
+  const uint32_t threshold = (uint32_t)(ratio * 4294967295.0f);
+  return (h < threshold) ? 3 : 2;
+}
+
+// --- Edge average cache ---
+// Caches the computed edge averages alongside the cover BMP so we don't rescan on every sleep.
+constexpr uint8_t EDGE_CACHE_VERSION = 2;
+
+bool loadEdgeCache(const std::string& path, int screenWidth, int screenHeight, LetterboxFillData& data) {
+  FsFile file;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("SLP", path, file)) return false;
+
+  uint8_t version;
+  serialization::readPod(file, version);
+  if (version != EDGE_CACHE_VERSION) {
+    file.close();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t cachedW, cachedH;
+  serialization::readPod(file, cachedW);
+  serialization::readPod(file, cachedH);
+  if (cachedW != static_cast<uint16_t>(screenWidth) || cachedH != static_cast<uint16_t>(screenHeight)) {
+    file.close();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t horizontal;
+  serialization::readPod(file, horizontal);
+  data.horizontal = (horizontal != 0);
+
+  serialization::readPod(file, data.avgA);
+  serialization::readPod(file, data.avgB);
+
+  int16_t lbA, lbB;
+  serialization::readPod(file, lbA);
+  serialization::readPod(file, lbB);
+  data.letterboxA = lbA;
+  data.letterboxB = lbB;
+
+  file.close();
+  data.valid = true;
+  LOG_DBG("SLP", "Loaded edge cache from %s (avgA=%d, avgB=%d)", path.c_str(), data.avgA, data.avgB);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool saveEdgeCache(const std::string& path, int screenWidth, int screenHeight, const LetterboxFillData& data) {
+  if (!data.valid) return false;
+
+  FsFile file;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("SLP", path, file)) return false;
+
+  serialization::writePod(file, EDGE_CACHE_VERSION);
+  serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<uint16_t>(screenWidth));
+  serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<uint16_t>(screenHeight));
+  serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<uint8_t>(data.horizontal ? 1 : 0));
+  serialization::writePod(file, data.avgA);
+  serialization::writePod(file, data.avgB);
+  serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<int16_t>(data.letterboxA));
+  serialization::writePod(file, static_cast<int16_t>(data.letterboxB));
+  file.close();
+
+  LOG_DBG("SLP", "Saved edge cache to %s", path.c_str());
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Read the bitmap once to compute a single average gray value for the top/bottom or left/right edges.
+// Only computes running sums -- no per-pixel arrays, no malloc beyond row buffers.
+// After sampling the bitmap is rewound via rewindToData().
+LetterboxFillData computeEdgeAverages(const Bitmap& bitmap, int imgX, int imgY, int pageWidth, int pageHeight,
+                                      float scale, float cropX, float cropY) {
+  LetterboxFillData data;
+
+  const int cropPixX = static_cast<int>(std::floor(bitmap.getWidth() * cropX / 2.0f));
+  const int cropPixY = static_cast<int>(std::floor(bitmap.getHeight() * cropY / 2.0f));
+  const int visibleWidth = bitmap.getWidth() - 2 * cropPixX;
+  const int visibleHeight = bitmap.getHeight() - 2 * cropPixY;
+
+  if (visibleWidth <= 0 || visibleHeight <= 0) return data;
+
+  const int outputRowSize = (bitmap.getWidth() + 3) / 4;
+  auto* outputRow = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(outputRowSize));
+  auto* rowBytes = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(bitmap.getRowBytes()));
+  if (!outputRow || !rowBytes) {
+    free(outputRow);
+    free(rowBytes);
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  if (imgY > 0) {
+    // Top/bottom letterboxing -- compute overall average of first/last EDGE_SAMPLE_DEPTH rows
+    data.horizontal = true;
+    const int scaledHeight = static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<float>(visibleHeight) * scale));
+    data.letterboxA = imgY;
+    data.letterboxB = pageHeight - imgY - scaledHeight;
+    if (data.letterboxB < 0) data.letterboxB = 0;
+
+    const int sampleRows = std::min(EDGE_SAMPLE_DEPTH, visibleHeight);
+    uint64_t sumTop = 0, sumBot = 0;
+    int countTop = 0, countBot = 0;
+
+    for (int bmpY = 0; bmpY < bitmap.getHeight(); bmpY++) {
+      if (bitmap.readNextRow(outputRow, rowBytes) != BmpReaderError::Ok) break;
+      const int logicalY = bitmap.isTopDown() ? bmpY : bitmap.getHeight() - 1 - bmpY;
+      if (logicalY < cropPixY || logicalY >= bitmap.getHeight() - cropPixY) continue;
+      const int outY = logicalY - cropPixY;
+
+      const bool inTop = (outY < sampleRows);
+      const bool inBot = (outY >= visibleHeight - sampleRows);
+      if (!inTop && !inBot) continue;
+
+      for (int bmpX = cropPixX; bmpX < bitmap.getWidth() - cropPixX; bmpX++) {
+        const uint8_t val = (outputRow[bmpX / 4] >> (6 - ((bmpX * 2) % 8))) & 0x3;
+        const uint8_t gray = val2bitToGray(val);
+        if (inTop) {
+          sumTop += gray;
+          countTop++;
+        }
+        if (inBot) {
+          sumBot += gray;
+          countBot++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    data.avgA = countTop > 0 ? static_cast<uint8_t>(sumTop / countTop) : 128;
+    data.avgB = countBot > 0 ? static_cast<uint8_t>(sumBot / countBot) : 128;
+    data.valid = true;
+  } else if (imgX > 0) {
+    // Left/right letterboxing -- compute overall average of first/last EDGE_SAMPLE_DEPTH columns
+    data.horizontal = false;
+    const int scaledWidth = static_cast<int>(std::round(static_cast<float>(visibleWidth) * scale));
+    data.letterboxA = imgX;
+    data.letterboxB = pageWidth - imgX - scaledWidth;
+    if (data.letterboxB < 0) data.letterboxB = 0;
+
+    const int sampleCols = std::min(EDGE_SAMPLE_DEPTH, visibleWidth);
+    uint64_t sumLeft = 0, sumRight = 0;
+    int countLeft = 0, countRight = 0;
+
+    for (int bmpY = 0; bmpY < bitmap.getHeight(); bmpY++) {
+      if (bitmap.readNextRow(outputRow, rowBytes) != BmpReaderError::Ok) break;
+      const int logicalY = bitmap.isTopDown() ? bmpY : bitmap.getHeight() - 1 - bmpY;
+      if (logicalY < cropPixY || logicalY >= bitmap.getHeight() - cropPixY) continue;
+
+      for (int bmpX = cropPixX; bmpX < cropPixX + sampleCols; bmpX++) {
+        const uint8_t val = (outputRow[bmpX / 4] >> (6 - ((bmpX * 2) % 8))) & 0x3;
+        sumLeft += val2bitToGray(val);
+        countLeft++;
+      }
+      for (int bmpX = bitmap.getWidth() - cropPixX - sampleCols; bmpX < bitmap.getWidth() - cropPixX; bmpX++) {
+        const uint8_t val = (outputRow[bmpX / 4] >> (6 - ((bmpX * 2) % 8))) & 0x3;
+        sumRight += val2bitToGray(val);
+        countRight++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    data.avgA = countLeft > 0 ? static_cast<uint8_t>(sumLeft / countLeft) : 128;
+    data.avgB = countRight > 0 ? static_cast<uint8_t>(sumRight / countRight) : 128;
+    data.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  bitmap.rewindToData();
+  free(outputRow);
+  free(rowBytes);
+  return data;
+}
+
+// Draw letterbox fill in the areas around the cover image.
+// DITHERED: fills with the edge average using Bayer ordered dithering to approximate the color.
+// SOLID: snaps edge average to nearest e-ink level (0/85/170/255) for a clean uniform fill.
+// Must be called once per render pass (BW, GRAYSCALE_LSB, GRAYSCALE_MSB).
+void drawLetterboxFill(GfxRenderer& renderer, const LetterboxFillData& data, uint8_t fillMode) {
+  if (!data.valid) return;
+
+  const bool isSolid = (fillMode == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL::LETTERBOX_SOLID);
+
+  // For DITHERED mode with gray values in 171-254 (the level-2/level-3 BW boundary):
+  // Pixel-level Bayer dithering creates a regular high-frequency checkerboard in
+  // the BW pass that causes e-ink display crosstalk during HALF_REFRESH.
+  //
+  // Solution: HASH-BASED BLOCK DITHERING.  Each 2x2 pixel block gets a single
+  // level (2 or 3) determined by a spatial hash, with the proportion of level-3
+  // blocks tuned to approximate the target gray.  The 2px minimum run avoids BW
+  // crosstalk, and the irregular hash pattern is much less visible than a regular
+  // Bayer grid at the same block size.
+  const bool hashA = !isSolid && bayerCrossesBwBoundary(data.avgA);
+  const bool hashB = !isSolid && bayerCrossesBwBoundary(data.avgB);
+
+  // For solid mode: snap to nearest e-ink level
+  const uint8_t levelA = isSolid ? snapToEinkLevel(data.avgA) / 85 : 0;
+  const uint8_t levelB = isSolid ? snapToEinkLevel(data.avgB) / 85 : 0;
+
+  if (data.horizontal) {
+    if (data.letterboxA > 0) {
+      for (int y = 0; y < data.letterboxA; y++)
+        for (int x = 0; x < renderer.getScreenWidth(); x++) {
+          uint8_t lv;
+          if (isSolid)      lv = levelA;
+          else if (hashA)   lv = hashBlockDither(data.avgA, x, y);
+          else              lv = quantizeBayerDither(data.avgA, x, y);
+          renderer.drawPixelGray(x, y, lv);
+        }
+    }
+    if (data.letterboxB > 0) {
+      const int start = renderer.getScreenHeight() - data.letterboxB;
+      for (int y = start; y < renderer.getScreenHeight(); y++)
+        for (int x = 0; x < renderer.getScreenWidth(); x++) {
+          uint8_t lv;
+          if (isSolid)      lv = levelB;
+          else if (hashB)   lv = hashBlockDither(data.avgB, x, y);
+          else              lv = quantizeBayerDither(data.avgB, x, y);
+          renderer.drawPixelGray(x, y, lv);
+        }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (data.letterboxA > 0) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < data.letterboxA; x++)
+        for (int y = 0; y < renderer.getScreenHeight(); y++) {
+          uint8_t lv;
+          if (isSolid)      lv = levelA;
+          else if (hashA)   lv = hashBlockDither(data.avgA, x, y);
+          else              lv = quantizeBayerDither(data.avgA, x, y);
+          renderer.drawPixelGray(x, y, lv);
+        }
+    }
+    if (data.letterboxB > 0) {
+      const int start = renderer.getScreenWidth() - data.letterboxB;
+      for (int x = start; x < renderer.getScreenWidth(); x++)
+        for (int y = 0; y < renderer.getScreenHeight(); y++) {
+          uint8_t lv;
+          if (isSolid)      lv = levelB;
+          else if (hashB)   lv = hashBlockDither(data.avgB, x, y);
+          else              lv = quantizeBayerDither(data.avgB, x, y);
+          renderer.drawPixelGray(x, y, lv);
+        }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 void SleepActivity::onEnter() {
   Activity::onEnter();
   GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Entering Sleep...");
@@ -121,52 +452,92 @@ void SleepActivity::renderDefaultSleepScreen() const {
   renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::HALF_REFRESH);
 }
 
-void SleepActivity::renderBitmapSleepScreen(const Bitmap& bitmap) const {
+void SleepActivity::renderBitmapSleepScreen(const Bitmap& bitmap, const std::string& edgeCachePath,
+                                            uint8_t fillModeOverride) const {
   int x, y;
   const auto pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
   const auto pageHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
   float cropX = 0, cropY = 0;
 
   LOG_DBG("SLP", "bitmap %d x %d, screen %d x %d", bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), pageWidth, pageHeight);
-  if (bitmap.getWidth() > pageWidth || bitmap.getHeight() > pageHeight) {
-    // image will scale, make sure placement is right
-    float ratio = static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth()) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight());
-    const float screenRatio = static_cast<float>(pageWidth) / static_cast<float>(pageHeight);
 
-    LOG_DBG("SLP", "bitmap ratio: %f, screen ratio: %f", ratio, screenRatio);
-    if (ratio > screenRatio) {
-      // image wider than viewport ratio, scaled down image needs to be centered vertically
-      if (SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverMode == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_MODE::CROP) {
-        cropX = 1.0f - (screenRatio / ratio);
-        LOG_DBG("SLP", "Cropping bitmap x: %f", cropX);
-        ratio = (1.0f - cropX) * static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth()) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight());
-      }
-      x = 0;
-      y = std::round((static_cast<float>(pageHeight) - static_cast<float>(pageWidth) / ratio) / 2);
-      LOG_DBG("SLP", "Centering with ratio %f to y=%d", ratio, y);
-    } else {
-      // image taller than viewport ratio, scaled down image needs to be centered horizontally
-      if (SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverMode == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_MODE::CROP) {
-        cropY = 1.0f - (ratio / screenRatio);
-        LOG_DBG("SLP", "Cropping bitmap y: %f", cropY);
-        ratio = static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth()) / ((1.0f - cropY) * static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight()));
-      }
-      x = std::round((static_cast<float>(pageWidth) - static_cast<float>(pageHeight) * ratio) / 2);
-      y = 0;
-      LOG_DBG("SLP", "Centering with ratio %f to x=%d", ratio, x);
+  // Always compute aspect-ratio-preserving scale and position (supports both larger and smaller images)
+  float ratio = static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth()) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight());
+  const float screenRatio = static_cast<float>(pageWidth) / static_cast<float>(pageHeight);
+
+  LOG_DBG("SLP", "bitmap ratio: %f, screen ratio: %f", ratio, screenRatio);
+  if (ratio > screenRatio) {
+    // image wider than viewport ratio, needs to be centered vertically
+    if (SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverMode == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_MODE::CROP) {
+      cropX = 1.0f - (screenRatio / ratio);
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "Cropping bitmap x: %f", cropX);
+      ratio = (1.0f - cropX) * static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth()) / static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight());
     }
+    x = 0;
+    y = std::round((static_cast<float>(pageHeight) - static_cast<float>(pageWidth) / ratio) / 2);
+    LOG_DBG("SLP", "Centering with ratio %f to y=%d", ratio, y);
   } else {
-    // center the image
-    x = (pageWidth - bitmap.getWidth()) / 2;
-    y = (pageHeight - bitmap.getHeight()) / 2;
+    // image taller than or equal to viewport ratio, needs to be centered horizontally
+    if (SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverMode == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_MODE::CROP) {
+      cropY = 1.0f - (ratio / screenRatio);
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "Cropping bitmap y: %f", cropY);
+      ratio = static_cast<float>(bitmap.getWidth()) / ((1.0f - cropY) * static_cast<float>(bitmap.getHeight()));
+    }
+    x = std::round((static_cast<float>(pageWidth) - static_cast<float>(pageHeight) * ratio) / 2);
+    y = 0;
+    LOG_DBG("SLP", "Centering with ratio %f to x=%d", ratio, x);
   }
 
   LOG_DBG("SLP", "drawing to %d x %d", x, y);
+
+  // Compute the scale factor (same formula as drawBitmap) so we can map screen coords to source coords
+  const float effectiveWidth = (1.0f - cropX) * bitmap.getWidth();
+  const float effectiveHeight = (1.0f - cropY) * bitmap.getHeight();
+  const float scale =
+      std::min(static_cast<float>(pageWidth) / effectiveWidth, static_cast<float>(pageHeight) / effectiveHeight);
+
+  // Determine letterbox fill settings (per-book override takes precedence)
+  const uint8_t fillMode = (fillModeOverride != BookSettings::USE_GLOBAL &&
+                            fillModeOverride < CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL_COUNT)
+                               ? fillModeOverride
+                               : SETTINGS.sleepScreenLetterboxFill;
+  const bool wantFill = (fillMode != CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL::LETTERBOX_NONE);
+
+  static const char* fillModeNames[] = {"dithered", "solid", "none"};
+  const char* fillModeName = (fillMode < 3) ? fillModeNames[fillMode] : "unknown";
+
+  // Compute edge averages if letterbox fill is requested (try cache first)
+  LetterboxFillData fillData;
+  const bool hasLetterbox = (x > 0 || y > 0);
+  if (hasLetterbox && wantFill) {
+    bool cacheLoaded = false;
+    if (!edgeCachePath.empty()) {
+      cacheLoaded = loadEdgeCache(edgeCachePath, pageWidth, pageHeight, fillData);
+    }
+    if (!cacheLoaded) {
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "Letterbox detected (x=%d, y=%d), computing edge averages for %s fill", x, y, fillModeName);
+      fillData = computeEdgeAverages(bitmap, x, y, pageWidth, pageHeight, scale, cropX, cropY);
+      if (fillData.valid && !edgeCachePath.empty()) {
+        saveEdgeCache(edgeCachePath, pageWidth, pageHeight, fillData);
+      }
+    }
+    if (fillData.valid) {
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "Letterbox fill: %s, horizontal=%d, avgA=%d, avgB=%d, letterboxA=%d, letterboxB=%d",
+              fillModeName, fillData.horizontal, fillData.avgA, fillData.avgB, fillData.letterboxA,
+              fillData.letterboxB);
+    }
+  }
+
   renderer.clearScreen();
 
   const bool hasGreyscale = bitmap.hasGreyscale() &&
                             SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverFilter == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_FILTER::NO_FILTER;
 
+  // Draw letterbox fill (BW pass)
+  if (fillData.valid) {
+    drawLetterboxFill(renderer, fillData, fillMode);
+  }
+
   renderer.drawBitmap(bitmap, x, y, pageWidth, pageHeight, cropX, cropY);
 
   if (SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverFilter == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_FILTER::INVERTED_BLACK_AND_WHITE) {
@@ -179,12 +550,18 @@ void SleepActivity::renderBitmapSleepScreen(const Bitmap& bitmap) const {
     bitmap.rewindToData();
     renderer.clearScreen(0x00);
     renderer.setRenderMode(GfxRenderer::GRAYSCALE_LSB);
+    if (fillData.valid) {
+      drawLetterboxFill(renderer, fillData, fillMode);
+    }
     renderer.drawBitmap(bitmap, x, y, pageWidth, pageHeight, cropX, cropY);
     renderer.copyGrayscaleLsbBuffers();
 
     bitmap.rewindToData();
     renderer.clearScreen(0x00);
     renderer.setRenderMode(GfxRenderer::GRAYSCALE_MSB);
+    if (fillData.valid) {
+      drawLetterboxFill(renderer, fillData, fillMode);
+    }
     renderer.drawBitmap(bitmap, x, y, pageWidth, pageHeight, cropX, cropY);
     renderer.copyGrayscaleMsbBuffers();
 
@@ -209,6 +586,7 @@ void SleepActivity::renderCoverSleepScreen() const {
   }
 
   std::string coverBmpPath;
+  std::string bookCachePath;
   bool cropped = SETTINGS.sleepScreenCoverMode == CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_COVER_MODE::CROP;
 
   // Check if the current book is XTC, TXT, or EPUB
@@ -222,11 +600,17 @@ void SleepActivity::renderCoverSleepScreen() const {
     }
 
     if (!lastXtc.generateCoverBmp()) {
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "XTC cover generation failed, trying placeholder");
+      PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(lastXtc.getCoverBmpPath(), lastXtc.getTitle(), lastXtc.getAuthor(), 480, 800);
+    }
+
+    if (!Storage.exists(lastXtc.getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) {
       LOG_ERR("SLP", "Failed to generate XTC cover bmp");
       return (this->*renderNoCoverSleepScreen)();
     }
 
     coverBmpPath = lastXtc.getCoverBmpPath();
+    bookCachePath = lastXtc.getCachePath();
   } else if (StringUtils::checkFileExtension(APP_STATE.openEpubPath, ".txt")) {
     // Handle TXT file - looks for cover image in the same folder
     Txt lastTxt(APP_STATE.openEpubPath, "/.crosspoint");
@@ -236,11 +620,17 @@ void SleepActivity::renderCoverSleepScreen() const {
     }
 
     if (!lastTxt.generateCoverBmp()) {
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "TXT cover generation failed, trying placeholder");
+      PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(lastTxt.getCoverBmpPath(), lastTxt.getTitle(), "", 480, 800);
+    }
+
+    if (!Storage.exists(lastTxt.getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) {
       LOG_ERR("SLP", "No cover image found for TXT file");
       return (this->*renderNoCoverSleepScreen)();
     }
 
     coverBmpPath = lastTxt.getCoverBmpPath();
+    bookCachePath = lastTxt.getCachePath();
   } else if (StringUtils::checkFileExtension(APP_STATE.openEpubPath, ".epub")) {
     // Handle EPUB file
     Epub lastEpub(APP_STATE.openEpubPath, "/.crosspoint");
@@ -251,21 +641,41 @@ void SleepActivity::renderCoverSleepScreen() const {
     }
 
     if (!lastEpub.generateCoverBmp(cropped)) {
+      LOG_DBG("SLP", "EPUB cover generation failed, trying placeholder");
+      PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(lastEpub.getCoverBmpPath(cropped), lastEpub.getTitle(),
+                                         lastEpub.getAuthor(), 480, 800);
+    }
+
+    if (!Storage.exists(lastEpub.getCoverBmpPath(cropped).c_str())) {
       LOG_ERR("SLP", "Failed to generate cover bmp");
       return (this->*renderNoCoverSleepScreen)();
     }
 
     coverBmpPath = lastEpub.getCoverBmpPath(cropped);
+    bookCachePath = lastEpub.getCachePath();
   } else {
     return (this->*renderNoCoverSleepScreen)();
   }
 
+  // Load per-book letterbox fill override (falls back to global if not set)
+  uint8_t fillModeOverride = BookSettings::USE_GLOBAL;
+  if (!bookCachePath.empty()) {
+    auto bookSettings = BookSettings::load(bookCachePath);
+    fillModeOverride = bookSettings.letterboxFillOverride;
+  }
+
   FsFile file;
   if (Storage.openFileForRead("SLP", coverBmpPath, file)) {
     Bitmap bitmap(file);
     if (bitmap.parseHeaders() == BmpReaderError::Ok) {
       LOG_DBG("SLP", "Rendering sleep cover: %s", coverBmpPath.c_str());
-      renderBitmapSleepScreen(bitmap);
+      // Derive edge cache path from cover BMP path (e.g. cover.bmp -> cover_edges.bin)
+      std::string edgeCachePath;
+      const auto dotPos = coverBmpPath.rfind(".bmp");
+      if (dotPos != std::string::npos) {
+        edgeCachePath = coverBmpPath.substr(0, dotPos) + "_edges.bin";
+      }
+      renderBitmapSleepScreen(bitmap, edgeCachePath, fillModeOverride);
       return;
     }
   }

src/activities/boot_sleep/SleepActivity.h

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
 #include "../Activity.h"
 
 class Bitmap;
@@ -13,6 +16,8 @@ class SleepActivity final : public Activity {
   void renderDefaultSleepScreen() const;
   void renderCustomSleepScreen() const;
   void renderCoverSleepScreen() const;
-  void renderBitmapSleepScreen(const Bitmap& bitmap) const;
+  // fillModeOverride: 0xFF = use global setting, otherwise a SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL value.
+  void renderBitmapSleepScreen(const Bitmap& bitmap, const std::string& edgeCachePath = "",
+                               uint8_t fillModeOverride = 0xFF) const;
   void renderBlankSleepScreen() const;
 };

src/activities/home/HomeActivity.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
 #include <Utf8.h>
+#include <PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h>
 #include <Xtc.h>
 
 #include <cstring>
@@ -65,45 +66,35 @@ void HomeActivity::loadRecentCovers(int coverHeight) {
     if (!book.coverBmpPath.empty()) {
       std::string coverPath = UITheme::getCoverThumbPath(book.coverBmpPath, coverHeight);
       if (!Storage.exists(coverPath.c_str())) {
-        // If epub, try to load the metadata for title/author and cover
+        if (!showingLoading) {
+          showingLoading = true;
+          popupRect = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Loading...");
+        }
+        GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupRect, 10 + progress * (90 / recentBooks.size()));
+
+        bool success = false;
+
+        // Try format-specific thumbnail generation first
         if (StringUtils::checkFileExtension(book.path, ".epub")) {
           Epub epub(book.path, "/.crosspoint");
-          // Skip loading css since we only need metadata here
           epub.load(false, true);
-
-          // Try to generate thumbnail image for Continue Reading card
-          if (!showingLoading) {
-            showingLoading = true;
-            popupRect = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Loading...");
-          }
-          GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupRect, 10 + progress * (90 / recentBooks.size()));
-          bool success = epub.generateThumbBmp(coverHeight);
-          if (!success) {
-            RECENT_BOOKS.updateBook(book.path, book.title, book.author, "");
-            book.coverBmpPath = "";
-          }
-          coverRendered = false;
-          updateRequired = true;
+          success = epub.generateThumbBmp(coverHeight);
         } else if (StringUtils::checkFileExtension(book.path, ".xtch") ||
                    StringUtils::checkFileExtension(book.path, ".xtc")) {
-          // Handle XTC file
           Xtc xtc(book.path, "/.crosspoint");
           if (xtc.load()) {
-            // Try to generate thumbnail image for Continue Reading card
-            if (!showingLoading) {
-              showingLoading = true;
-              popupRect = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Loading...");
-            }
-            GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupRect, 10 + progress * (90 / recentBooks.size()));
-            bool success = xtc.generateThumbBmp(coverHeight);
-            if (!success) {
-              RECENT_BOOKS.updateBook(book.path, book.title, book.author, "");
-              book.coverBmpPath = "";
-            }
-            coverRendered = false;
-            updateRequired = true;
+            success = xtc.generateThumbBmp(coverHeight);
           }
         }
+
+        // Fallback: generate a placeholder thumbnail with title/author
+        if (!success && !Storage.exists(coverPath.c_str())) {
+          const int thumbWidth = static_cast<int>(coverHeight * 0.6);
+          PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(coverPath, book.title, book.author, thumbWidth, coverHeight);
+        }
+
+        coverRendered = false;
+        updateRequired = true;
       }
     }
     progress++;

src/activities/reader/DictionaryDefinitionActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#include "DictionaryDefinitionActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::taskTrampoline(void* param) {
+  auto* self = static_cast<DictionaryDefinitionActivity*>(param);
+  self->displayTaskLoop();
+}
+
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::displayTaskLoop() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (updateRequired) {
+      updateRequired = false;
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      renderScreen();
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+    }
+    vTaskDelay(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::onEnter() {
+  Activity::onEnter();
+  renderingMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+  wrapText();
+  updateRequired = true;
+  xTaskCreate(&DictionaryDefinitionActivity::taskTrampoline, "DictDefTask", 4096, this, 1, &displayTaskHandle);
+}
+
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::onExit() {
+  Activity::onExit();
+  xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+  if (displayTaskHandle) {
+    vTaskDelete(displayTaskHandle);
+    displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  }
+  vSemaphoreDelete(renderingMutex);
+  renderingMutex = nullptr;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Check if a Unicode codepoint is likely renderable by the e-ink bitmap font.
+// Keeps Latin text, combining marks, common punctuation, currency, and letterlike symbols.
+// Skips IPA extensions, Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic, CJK, and other non-Latin scripts.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool DictionaryDefinitionActivity::isRenderableCodepoint(uint32_t cp) {
+  if (cp <= 0x024F) return true;                       // Basic Latin + Latin Extended-A/B
+  if (cp >= 0x0300 && cp <= 0x036F) return true;       // Combining Diacritical Marks
+  if (cp >= 0x2000 && cp <= 0x206F) return true;       // General Punctuation
+  if (cp >= 0x20A0 && cp <= 0x20CF) return true;       // Currency Symbols
+  if (cp >= 0x2100 && cp <= 0x214F) return true;       // Letterlike Symbols
+  if (cp >= 0x2190 && cp <= 0x21FF) return true;       // Arrows
+  return false;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HTML entity decoder
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string DictionaryDefinitionActivity::decodeEntity(const std::string& entity) {
+  // Named entities
+  if (entity == "amp") return "&";
+  if (entity == "lt") return "<";
+  if (entity == "gt") return ">";
+  if (entity == "quot") return "\"";
+  if (entity == "apos") return "'";
+  if (entity == "nbsp" || entity == "thinsp" || entity == "ensp" || entity == "emsp") return " ";
+  if (entity == "ndash") return "\xE2\x80\x93";  // U+2013
+  if (entity == "mdash") return "\xE2\x80\x94";   // U+2014
+  if (entity == "lsquo") return "\xE2\x80\x98";
+  if (entity == "rsquo") return "\xE2\x80\x99";
+  if (entity == "ldquo") return "\xE2\x80\x9C";
+  if (entity == "rdquo") return "\xE2\x80\x9D";
+  if (entity == "hellip") return "\xE2\x80\xA6";
+  if (entity == "lrm" || entity == "rlm" || entity == "zwj" || entity == "zwnj") return "";
+
+  // Numeric entities: &#123; or &#x1F;
+  if (!entity.empty() && entity[0] == '#') {
+    unsigned long cp = 0;
+    if (entity.size() > 1 && (entity[1] == 'x' || entity[1] == 'X')) {
+      cp = std::strtoul(entity.c_str() + 2, nullptr, 16);
+    } else {
+      cp = std::strtoul(entity.c_str() + 1, nullptr, 10);
+    }
+    if (cp > 0 && cp < 0x80) {
+      return std::string(1, static_cast<char>(cp));
+    }
+    if (cp >= 0x80 && cp < 0x800) {
+      char buf[3] = {static_cast<char>(0xC0 | (cp >> 6)), static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F)), '\0'};
+      return std::string(buf, 2);
+    }
+    if (cp >= 0x800 && cp < 0x10000) {
+      char buf[4] = {static_cast<char>(0xE0 | (cp >> 12)), static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F)),
+                     static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F)), '\0'};
+      return std::string(buf, 3);
+    }
+    if (cp >= 0x10000 && cp < 0x110000) {
+      char buf[5] = {static_cast<char>(0xF0 | (cp >> 18)), static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 12) & 0x3F)),
+                     static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F)), static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F)), '\0'};
+      return std::string(buf, 4);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return "";  // unknown entity — drop it
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// HTML → TextAtom list
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::vector<DictionaryDefinitionActivity::TextAtom> DictionaryDefinitionActivity::parseHtml(const std::string& html) {
+  std::vector<TextAtom> atoms;
+
+  bool isBold = false;
+  bool isItalic = false;
+  bool inSvg = false;
+  int svgDepth = 0;
+  std::vector<ListState> listStack;
+  std::string currentWord;
+
+  auto currentStyle = [&]() -> EpdFontFamily::Style {
+    if (isBold && isItalic) return EpdFontFamily::BOLD_ITALIC;
+    if (isBold) return EpdFontFamily::BOLD;
+    if (isItalic) return EpdFontFamily::ITALIC;
+    return EpdFontFamily::REGULAR;
+  };
+
+  auto flushWord = [&]() {
+    if (!currentWord.empty() && !inSvg) {
+      atoms.push_back({currentWord, currentStyle(), false, 0});
+      currentWord.clear();
+    }
+  };
+
+  auto indentPx = [&]() -> int {
+    // 15 pixels per nesting level (the first level has no extra indent)
+    int depth = static_cast<int>(listStack.size());
+    return (depth > 1) ? (depth - 1) * 15 : 0;
+  };
+
+  // Skip any leading non-HTML text (e.g. pronunciation guides like "/ˈsɪm.pəl/, /ˈsɪmpəl/")
+  // that appears before the first tag in sametypesequence=h entries.
+  size_t i = 0;
+  {
+    size_t firstTag = html.find('<');
+    if (firstTag != std::string::npos) i = firstTag;
+  }
+
+  while (i < html.size()) {
+    // ------- HTML tag -------
+    if (html[i] == '<') {
+      flushWord();
+
+      size_t tagEnd = html.find('>', i);
+      if (tagEnd == std::string::npos) break;
+
+      std::string tagContent = html.substr(i + 1, tagEnd - i - 1);
+
+      // Extract tag name: first token, lowercased, trailing '/' stripped.
+      size_t space = tagContent.find(' ');
+      std::string tagName = (space != std::string::npos) ? tagContent.substr(0, space) : tagContent;
+      for (auto& c : tagName) c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+      if (!tagName.empty() && tagName.back() == '/') tagName.pop_back();
+
+      // --- SVG handling (skip all content inside <svg>…</svg>) ---
+      if (tagName == "svg") {
+        inSvg = true;
+        svgDepth = 1;
+      } else if (inSvg) {
+        if (tagName == "svg") {
+          svgDepth++;
+        } else if (tagName == "/svg") {
+          svgDepth--;
+          if (svgDepth <= 0) inSvg = false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!inSvg) {
+        // --- Inline style tags ---
+        if (tagName == "b" || tagName == "strong") {
+          isBold = true;
+        } else if (tagName == "/b" || tagName == "/strong") {
+          isBold = false;
+        } else if (tagName == "i" || tagName == "em") {
+          isItalic = true;
+        } else if (tagName == "/i" || tagName == "/em") {
+          isItalic = false;
+
+          // --- Block-level tags → newlines ---
+        } else if (tagName == "p" || tagName == "h1" || tagName == "h2" || tagName == "h3" || tagName == "h4") {
+          atoms.push_back({"", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, true, indentPx()});
+          // Headings get bold style applied to following text
+          if (tagName != "p") isBold = true;
+        } else if (tagName == "/p" || tagName == "/h1" || tagName == "/h2" || tagName == "/h3" || tagName == "/h4") {
+          atoms.push_back({"", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, true, indentPx()});
+          isBold = false;
+        } else if (tagName == "br") {
+          atoms.push_back({"", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, true, indentPx()});
+
+          // --- Separator between definition entries ---
+        } else if (tagName == "/html") {
+          atoms.push_back({"", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, true, 0});
+          atoms.push_back({"", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, true, 0});  // extra blank line
+          isBold = false;
+          isItalic = false;
+          // Skip any raw text between </html> and the next tag — this is where
+          // pronunciation guides (e.g. /ˈsɪmpəl/, /ksɛpt/) live in this dictionary.
+          size_t nextTag = html.find('<', tagEnd + 1);
+          i = (nextTag != std::string::npos) ? nextTag : html.size();
+          continue;
+
+          // --- Lists ---
+        } else if (tagName == "ol") {
+          bool alpha = tagContent.find("lower-alpha") != std::string::npos;
+          listStack.push_back({0, alpha});
+        } else if (tagName == "ul") {
+          listStack.push_back({0, false});
+        } else if (tagName == "/ol" || tagName == "/ul") {
+          if (!listStack.empty()) listStack.pop_back();
+        } else if (tagName == "li") {
+          atoms.push_back({"", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, true, indentPx()});
+          if (!listStack.empty()) {
+            auto& ls = listStack.back();
+            ls.counter++;
+            std::string marker;
+            if (ls.isAlpha && ls.counter >= 1 && ls.counter <= 26) {
+              marker = std::string(1, static_cast<char>('a' + ls.counter - 1)) + ". ";
+            } else if (ls.isAlpha) {
+              marker = std::to_string(ls.counter) + ". ";
+            } else {
+              marker = std::to_string(ls.counter) + ". ";
+            }
+            atoms.push_back({marker, EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, false, 0});
+          } else {
+            // Unordered list or bare <li>
+            atoms.push_back({"\xE2\x80\xA2 ", EpdFontFamily::REGULAR, false, 0});
+          }
+        }
+        // All other tags (span, div, code, sup, sub, table, etc.) are silently ignored;
+        // their text content will still be emitted.
+      }
+
+      i = tagEnd + 1;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Skip content inside SVG
+    if (inSvg) {
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // ------- HTML entity -------
+    if (html[i] == '&') {
+      size_t semicolon = html.find(';', i);
+      if (semicolon != std::string::npos && semicolon - i < 16) {
+        std::string entity = html.substr(i + 1, semicolon - i - 1);
+        std::string decoded = decodeEntity(entity);
+        if (!decoded.empty()) {
+          // Treat decoded chars like normal text (could be space etc.)
+          for (char dc : decoded) {
+            if (dc == ' ') {
+              flushWord();
+            } else {
+              currentWord += dc;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        i = semicolon + 1;
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Not a valid entity — emit '&' literally
+      currentWord += '&';
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // ------- IPA pronunciation (skip /…/ and […] containing non-ASCII) -------
+    if (html[i] == '/' || html[i] == '[') {
+      char closeDelim = (html[i] == '/') ? '/' : ']';
+      size_t end = html.find(closeDelim, i + 1);
+      if (end != std::string::npos && end - i < 80) {
+        bool hasNonAscii = false;
+        for (size_t j = i + 1; j < end; j++) {
+          if (static_cast<unsigned char>(html[j]) > 127) {
+            hasNonAscii = true;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (hasNonAscii) {
+          flushWord();
+          i = end + 1;  // skip entire IPA section including delimiters
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      // Not IPA — fall through to treat as regular character
+    }
+
+    // ------- Whitespace -------
+    if (html[i] == ' ' || html[i] == '\t' || html[i] == '\n' || html[i] == '\r') {
+      flushWord();
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // ------- Regular character (with non-renderable character filter) -------
+    {
+      unsigned char byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(html[i]);
+      if (byte < 0x80) {
+        // ASCII — always renderable
+        currentWord += html[i];
+        i++;
+      } else {
+        // Multi-byte UTF-8: decode codepoint and check if renderable
+        int seqLen = 1;
+        uint32_t cp = 0;
+        if ((byte & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+          seqLen = 2;
+          cp = byte & 0x1F;
+        } else if ((byte & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+          seqLen = 3;
+          cp = byte & 0x0F;
+        } else if ((byte & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+          seqLen = 4;
+          cp = byte & 0x07;
+        } else {
+          i++;
+          continue;
+        }  // invalid start byte
+
+        if (i + static_cast<size_t>(seqLen) > html.size()) {
+          i++;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        bool valid = true;
+        for (int j = 1; j < seqLen; j++) {
+          unsigned char cb = static_cast<unsigned char>(html[i + j]);
+          if ((cb & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+            valid = false;
+            break;
+          }
+          cp = (cp << 6) | (cb & 0x3F);
+        }
+
+        if (valid && isRenderableCodepoint(cp)) {
+          for (int j = 0; j < seqLen; j++) {
+            currentWord += html[i + j];
+          }
+        }
+        // else: silently skip non-renderable character
+
+        i += valid ? seqLen : 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  flushWord();
+  return atoms;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Word-wrap the parsed HTML atoms into positioned line segments
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::wrapText() {
+  wrappedLines.clear();
+
+  const bool landscape = orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CW ||
+                         orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CCW;
+  const int screenWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const int lineHeight = renderer.getLineHeight(readerFontId);
+  const int sidePadding = landscape ? 50 : 20;
+  constexpr int topArea = 50;
+  constexpr int bottomArea = 50;
+  const int maxWidth = screenWidth - 2 * sidePadding;
+  const int spaceWidth = renderer.getSpaceWidth(readerFontId);
+
+  linesPerPage = (renderer.getScreenHeight() - topArea - bottomArea) / lineHeight;
+  if (linesPerPage < 1) linesPerPage = 1;
+
+  auto atoms = parseHtml(definition);
+
+  std::vector<Segment> currentLine;
+  int currentX = 0;
+  int baseIndent = 0;  // indent for continuation lines within the same block
+
+  for (const auto& atom : atoms) {
+    // ---- Newline directive ----
+    if (atom.isNewline) {
+      // Collapse multiple consecutive blank lines
+      if (currentLine.empty() && !wrappedLines.empty() && wrappedLines.back().empty()) {
+        // Already have a blank line; update indent but don't push another
+        baseIndent = atom.indent;
+        currentX = baseIndent;
+        continue;
+      }
+      wrappedLines.push_back(std::move(currentLine));
+      currentLine.clear();
+      baseIndent = atom.indent;
+      currentX = baseIndent;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // ---- Text word ----
+    int wordWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(readerFontId, atom.text.c_str(), atom.style);
+    int gap = (currentX > baseIndent) ? spaceWidth : 0;
+
+    // Wrap if this word won't fit
+    if (currentX + gap + wordWidth > maxWidth && currentX > baseIndent) {
+      wrappedLines.push_back(std::move(currentLine));
+      currentLine.clear();
+      currentX = baseIndent;
+      gap = 0;
+    }
+
+    int16_t x = static_cast<int16_t>(currentX + gap);
+    currentLine.push_back({atom.text, x, atom.style});
+    currentX = x + wordWidth;
+  }
+
+  // Flush last line
+  if (!currentLine.empty()) {
+    wrappedLines.push_back(std::move(currentLine));
+  }
+
+  totalPages = (static_cast<int>(wrappedLines.size()) + linesPerPage - 1) / linesPerPage;
+  if (totalPages < 1) totalPages = 1;
+}
+
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::loop() {
+  const bool prevPage = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageBack) ||
+                        mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Left);
+  const bool nextPage = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageForward) ||
+                        mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Right);
+
+  if (prevPage && currentPage > 0) {
+    currentPage--;
+    updateRequired = true;
+  }
+
+  if (nextPage && currentPage < totalPages - 1) {
+    currentPage++;
+    updateRequired = true;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+    if (onDone) {
+      onDone();
+    } else {
+      onBack();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+    onBack();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionaryDefinitionActivity::renderScreen() {
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+
+  const bool landscape = orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CW ||
+                         orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CCW;
+  const int sidePadding = landscape ? 50 : 20;
+  constexpr int titleY = 10;
+  const int lineHeight = renderer.getLineHeight(readerFontId);
+  constexpr int bodyStartY = 50;
+
+  // Title: the word in bold (UI font)
+  renderer.drawText(UI_12_FONT_ID, sidePadding, titleY, headword.c_str(), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+  // Separator line
+  renderer.drawLine(sidePadding, 40, renderer.getScreenWidth() - sidePadding, 40);
+
+  // Body: styled definition lines
+  int startLine = currentPage * linesPerPage;
+  for (int i = 0; i < linesPerPage && (startLine + i) < static_cast<int>(wrappedLines.size()); i++) {
+    int y = bodyStartY + i * lineHeight;
+    const auto& line = wrappedLines[startLine + i];
+    for (const auto& seg : line) {
+      renderer.drawText(readerFontId, sidePadding + seg.x, y, seg.text.c_str(), true, seg.style);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Pagination indicator (bottom right)
+  if (totalPages > 1) {
+    std::string pageInfo = std::to_string(currentPage + 1) + "/" + std::to_string(totalPages);
+    int textWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, pageInfo.c_str());
+    renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, renderer.getScreenWidth() - sidePadding - textWidth,
+                      renderer.getScreenHeight() - 50, pageInfo.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Button hints (bottom face buttons)
+  const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("\xC2\xAB Back", onDone ? "Done" : "", "\xC2\xAB Page", "Page \xC2\xBB");
+  GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+
+  // Side button hints (drawn in portrait coordinates for correct placement)
+  {
+    const auto origOrientation = renderer.getOrientation();
+    renderer.setOrientation(GfxRenderer::Orientation::Portrait);
+    const int portW = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+
+    constexpr int sideButtonWidth = 30;
+    constexpr int sideButtonHeight = 78;
+    constexpr int sideButtonGap = 5;
+    constexpr int sideTopY = 345;
+    constexpr int cornerRadius = 6;
+    const int sideX = portW - sideButtonWidth;
+    const int sideButtonY[2] = {sideTopY, sideTopY + sideButtonHeight + sideButtonGap};
+    const char* sideLabels[2] = {"\xC2\xAB Page", "Page \xC2\xBB"};
+    const bool useCCW = (orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CCW);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+      renderer.fillRect(sideX, sideButtonY[i], sideButtonWidth, sideButtonHeight, false);
+      renderer.drawRoundedRect(sideX, sideButtonY[i], sideButtonWidth, sideButtonHeight, 1, cornerRadius, true, false,
+                               true, false, true);
+
+      const std::string truncated = renderer.truncatedText(SMALL_FONT_ID, sideLabels[i], sideButtonHeight);
+      const int tw = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, truncated.c_str());
+
+      if (useCCW) {
+        renderer.drawTextRotated90CCW(SMALL_FONT_ID, sideX,
+                                      sideButtonY[i] + (sideButtonHeight - tw) / 2, truncated.c_str());
+      } else {
+        renderer.drawTextRotated90CW(SMALL_FONT_ID, sideX,
+                                     sideButtonY[i] + (sideButtonHeight + tw) / 2, truncated.c_str());
+      }
+    }
+
+    renderer.setOrientation(origOrientation);
+  }
+
+  // Use half refresh when entering the screen for cleaner transition; fast refresh for page turns.
+  renderer.displayBuffer(firstRender ? HalDisplay::HALF_REFRESH : HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+  firstRender = false;
+}

src/activities/reader/DictionaryDefinitionActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <EpdFontFamily.h>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/semphr.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../Activity.h"
+
+class DictionaryDefinitionActivity final : public Activity {
+ public:
+  explicit DictionaryDefinitionActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput,
+                                        const std::string& headword, const std::string& definition, int readerFontId,
+                                        uint8_t orientation, const std::function<void()>& onBack,
+                                        const std::function<void()>& onDone = nullptr)
+      : Activity("DictionaryDefinition", renderer, mappedInput),
+        headword(headword),
+        definition(definition),
+        readerFontId(readerFontId),
+        orientation(orientation),
+        onBack(onBack),
+        onDone(onDone) {}
+
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+
+ private:
+  // A positioned text segment within a wrapped line (pre-calculated x offset and style).
+  struct Segment {
+    std::string text;
+    int16_t x;
+    EpdFontFamily::Style style;
+  };
+
+  // An intermediate token produced by the HTML parser before word-wrapping.
+  struct TextAtom {
+    std::string text;
+    EpdFontFamily::Style style;
+    bool isNewline;
+    int indent;  // pixels to indent the new line (for nested lists)
+  };
+
+  // Tracks ordered/unordered list nesting during HTML parsing.
+  struct ListState {
+    int counter;   // incremented per <li>, 0 = not yet used
+    bool isAlpha;  // true for list-style-type: lower-alpha
+  };
+
+  std::string headword;
+  std::string definition;
+  int readerFontId;
+  uint8_t orientation;
+  const std::function<void()> onBack;
+  const std::function<void()> onDone;
+
+  std::vector<std::vector<Segment>> wrappedLines;
+  int currentPage = 0;
+  int linesPerPage = 0;
+  int totalPages = 0;
+  bool updateRequired = false;
+  bool firstRender = true;
+
+  TaskHandle_t displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  SemaphoreHandle_t renderingMutex = nullptr;
+
+  std::vector<TextAtom> parseHtml(const std::string& html);
+  static std::string decodeEntity(const std::string& entity);
+  static bool isRenderableCodepoint(uint32_t cp);
+  void wrapText();
+  void renderScreen();
+  static void taskTrampoline(void* param);
+  [[noreturn]] void displayTaskLoop();
+};

src/activities/reader/DictionarySuggestionsActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "DictionarySuggestionsActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+
+#include "DictionaryDefinitionActivity.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+#include "util/Dictionary.h"
+
+void DictionarySuggestionsActivity::taskTrampoline(void* param) {
+  auto* self = static_cast<DictionarySuggestionsActivity*>(param);
+  self->displayTaskLoop();
+}
+
+void DictionarySuggestionsActivity::displayTaskLoop() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (updateRequired && !subActivity) {
+      updateRequired = false;
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      renderScreen();
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+    }
+    vTaskDelay(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionarySuggestionsActivity::onEnter() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onEnter();
+  renderingMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+  updateRequired = true;
+  xTaskCreate(&DictionarySuggestionsActivity::taskTrampoline, "DictSugTask", 4096, this, 1, &displayTaskHandle);
+}
+
+void DictionarySuggestionsActivity::onExit() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onExit();
+  xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+  if (displayTaskHandle) {
+    vTaskDelete(displayTaskHandle);
+    displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  }
+  vSemaphoreDelete(renderingMutex);
+  renderingMutex = nullptr;
+}
+
+void DictionarySuggestionsActivity::loop() {
+  if (subActivity) {
+    subActivity->loop();
+    if (pendingBackFromDef) {
+      pendingBackFromDef = false;
+      exitActivity();
+      updateRequired = true;
+    }
+    if (pendingExitToReader) {
+      pendingExitToReader = false;
+      exitActivity();
+      onDone();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (suggestions.empty()) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+      onBack();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNext([this] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, static_cast<int>(suggestions.size()));
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPrevious([this] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, static_cast<int>(suggestions.size()));
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+    const std::string& selected = suggestions[selectedIndex];
+    std::string definition = Dictionary::lookup(selected);
+
+    if (definition.empty()) {
+      GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Not found");
+      renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+      vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+      updateRequired = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    enterNewActivity(new DictionaryDefinitionActivity(
+        renderer, mappedInput, selected, definition, readerFontId, orientation,
+        [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+    onBack();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionarySuggestionsActivity::renderScreen() {
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+
+  const auto orient = renderer.getOrientation();
+  const auto metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+  const bool isLandscapeCw = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeClockwise;
+  const bool isLandscapeCcw = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeCounterClockwise;
+  const bool isInverted = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::PortraitInverted;
+  const int hintGutterWidth = (isLandscapeCw || isLandscapeCcw) ? metrics.sideButtonHintsWidth : 0;
+  const int hintGutterHeight = isInverted ? (metrics.buttonHintsHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing) : 0;
+  const int contentX = isLandscapeCw ? hintGutterWidth : 0;
+  const int leftPadding = contentX + metrics.contentSidePadding;
+  const int pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const int pageHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
+
+  // Header
+  GUI.drawHeader(
+      renderer,
+      Rect{contentX, hintGutterHeight + metrics.topPadding, pageWidth - hintGutterWidth, metrics.headerHeight},
+      "Did you mean?");
+
+  // Subtitle: the original word (manual, below header)
+  const int subtitleY = hintGutterHeight + metrics.topPadding + metrics.headerHeight + 5;
+  std::string subtitle = "\"" + originalWord + "\" not found";
+  renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, leftPadding, subtitleY, subtitle.c_str());
+
+  // Suggestion list
+  const int listTop = subtitleY + 25;
+  const int listHeight = pageHeight - listTop - metrics.buttonHintsHeight - metrics.verticalSpacing;
+  GUI.drawList(
+      renderer, Rect{contentX, listTop, pageWidth - hintGutterWidth, listHeight}, suggestions.size(), selectedIndex,
+      [this](int index) { return suggestions[index]; }, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+  // Button hints
+  const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("\xC2\xAB Back", "Select", "Up", "Down");
+  GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+
+  renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+}

src/activities/reader/DictionarySuggestionsActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/semphr.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../ActivityWithSubactivity.h"
+#include "util/ButtonNavigator.h"
+
+class DictionarySuggestionsActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
+ public:
+  explicit DictionarySuggestionsActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput,
+                                         const std::string& originalWord, const std::vector<std::string>& suggestions,
+                                         int readerFontId, uint8_t orientation, const std::string& cachePath,
+                                         const std::function<void()>& onBack, const std::function<void()>& onDone)
+      : ActivityWithSubactivity("DictionarySuggestions", renderer, mappedInput),
+        originalWord(originalWord),
+        suggestions(suggestions),
+        readerFontId(readerFontId),
+        orientation(orientation),
+        cachePath(cachePath),
+        onBack(onBack),
+        onDone(onDone) {}
+
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+
+ private:
+  std::string originalWord;
+  std::vector<std::string> suggestions;
+  int readerFontId;
+  uint8_t orientation;
+  std::string cachePath;
+  const std::function<void()> onBack;
+  const std::function<void()> onDone;
+
+  int selectedIndex = 0;
+  bool updateRequired = false;
+  bool pendingBackFromDef = false;
+  bool pendingExitToReader = false;
+  ButtonNavigator buttonNavigator;
+
+  TaskHandle_t displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  SemaphoreHandle_t renderingMutex = nullptr;
+
+  void renderScreen();
+  static void taskTrampoline(void* param);
+  [[noreturn]] void displayTaskLoop();
+};

src/activities/reader/DictionaryWordSelectActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+#include "DictionaryWordSelectActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <climits>
+
+#include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+#include "DictionaryDefinitionActivity.h"
+#include "DictionarySuggestionsActivity.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+#include "util/Dictionary.h"
+#include "util/LookupHistory.h"
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::taskTrampoline(void* param) {
+  auto* self = static_cast<DictionaryWordSelectActivity*>(param);
+  self->displayTaskLoop();
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::displayTaskLoop() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (updateRequired && !subActivity) {
+      updateRequired = false;
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      renderScreen();
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+    }
+    vTaskDelay(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::onEnter() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onEnter();
+  renderingMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+  extractWords();
+  mergeHyphenatedWords();
+  if (!rows.empty()) {
+    currentRow = static_cast<int>(rows.size()) / 3;
+    currentWordInRow = 0;
+  }
+  updateRequired = true;
+  xTaskCreate(&DictionaryWordSelectActivity::taskTrampoline, "DictWordSelTask", 4096, this, 1, &displayTaskHandle);
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::onExit() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onExit();
+  xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+  if (displayTaskHandle) {
+    vTaskDelete(displayTaskHandle);
+    displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  }
+  vSemaphoreDelete(renderingMutex);
+  renderingMutex = nullptr;
+}
+
+bool DictionaryWordSelectActivity::isLandscape() const {
+  return orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CW ||
+         orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CCW;
+}
+
+bool DictionaryWordSelectActivity::isInverted() const {
+  return orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::INVERTED;
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::extractWords() {
+  words.clear();
+  rows.clear();
+
+  for (const auto& element : page->elements) {
+    // PageLine is the only concrete PageElement type, identified by tag
+    const auto* line = static_cast<const PageLine*>(element.get());
+
+    const auto& block = line->getBlock();
+    if (!block) continue;
+
+    const auto& wordList = block->getWords();
+    const auto& xPosList = block->getWordXpos();
+
+    auto wordIt = wordList.begin();
+    auto xIt = xPosList.begin();
+
+    while (wordIt != wordList.end() && xIt != xPosList.end()) {
+      int16_t screenX = line->xPos + static_cast<int16_t>(*xIt) + marginLeft;
+      int16_t screenY = line->yPos + marginTop;
+      const std::string& wordText = *wordIt;
+
+      // Split on en-dash (U+2013: E2 80 93) and em-dash (U+2014: E2 80 94)
+      std::vector<size_t> splitStarts;
+      size_t partStart = 0;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < wordText.size();) {
+        if (i + 2 < wordText.size() && static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[i]) == 0xE2 &&
+            static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[i + 1]) == 0x80 &&
+            (static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[i + 2]) == 0x93 || static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[i + 2]) == 0x94)) {
+          if (i > partStart) splitStarts.push_back(partStart);
+          i += 3;
+          partStart = i;
+        } else {
+          i++;
+        }
+      }
+      if (partStart < wordText.size()) splitStarts.push_back(partStart);
+
+      if (splitStarts.size() <= 1 && partStart == 0) {
+        // No dashes found -- add as a single word
+        int16_t wordWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(fontId, wordText.c_str());
+        words.push_back({wordText, screenX, screenY, wordWidth, 0});
+      } else {
+        // Add each part as a separate selectable word
+        for (size_t si = 0; si < splitStarts.size(); si++) {
+          size_t start = splitStarts[si];
+          size_t end = (si + 1 < splitStarts.size()) ? splitStarts[si + 1] : wordText.size();
+          // Find actual end by trimming any trailing dash bytes
+          size_t textEnd = end;
+          while (textEnd > start && textEnd <= wordText.size()) {
+            if (textEnd >= 3 && static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[textEnd - 3]) == 0xE2 &&
+                static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[textEnd - 2]) == 0x80 &&
+                (static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[textEnd - 1]) == 0x93 ||
+                 static_cast<uint8_t>(wordText[textEnd - 1]) == 0x94)) {
+              textEnd -= 3;
+            } else {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          std::string part = wordText.substr(start, textEnd - start);
+          if (part.empty()) continue;
+
+          std::string prefix = wordText.substr(0, start);
+          int16_t offsetX = prefix.empty() ? 0 : renderer.getTextWidth(fontId, prefix.c_str());
+          int16_t partWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(fontId, part.c_str());
+          words.push_back({part, static_cast<int16_t>(screenX + offsetX), screenY, partWidth, 0});
+        }
+      }
+
+      ++wordIt;
+      ++xIt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Group words into rows by Y position
+  if (words.empty()) return;
+
+  int16_t currentY = words[0].screenY;
+  rows.push_back({currentY, {}});
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) {
+    // Allow small Y tolerance (words on same line may differ by a pixel)
+    if (std::abs(words[i].screenY - currentY) > 2) {
+      currentY = words[i].screenY;
+      rows.push_back({currentY, {}});
+    }
+    words[i].row = static_cast<int16_t>(rows.size() - 1);
+    rows.back().wordIndices.push_back(static_cast<int>(i));
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::mergeHyphenatedWords() {
+  for (size_t r = 0; r + 1 < rows.size(); r++) {
+    if (rows[r].wordIndices.empty() || rows[r + 1].wordIndices.empty()) continue;
+
+    int lastWordIdx = rows[r].wordIndices.back();
+    const std::string& lastWord = words[lastWordIdx].text;
+    if (lastWord.empty()) continue;
+
+    // Check if word ends with hyphen (regular '-' or soft hyphen U+00AD: 0xC2 0xAD)
+    bool endsWithHyphen = false;
+    if (lastWord.back() == '-') {
+      endsWithHyphen = true;
+    } else if (lastWord.size() >= 2 && static_cast<uint8_t>(lastWord[lastWord.size() - 2]) == 0xC2 &&
+               static_cast<uint8_t>(lastWord[lastWord.size() - 1]) == 0xAD) {
+      endsWithHyphen = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!endsWithHyphen) continue;
+
+    int nextWordIdx = rows[r + 1].wordIndices.front();
+
+    // Set bidirectional continuation links for highlighting both parts
+    words[lastWordIdx].continuationIndex = nextWordIdx;
+    words[nextWordIdx].continuationOf = lastWordIdx;
+
+    // Build merged lookup text: remove trailing hyphen and combine
+    std::string firstPart = lastWord;
+    if (firstPart.back() == '-') {
+      firstPart.pop_back();
+    } else if (firstPart.size() >= 2 && static_cast<uint8_t>(firstPart[firstPart.size() - 2]) == 0xC2 &&
+               static_cast<uint8_t>(firstPart[firstPart.size() - 1]) == 0xAD) {
+      firstPart.erase(firstPart.size() - 2);
+    }
+    std::string merged = firstPart + words[nextWordIdx].text;
+    words[lastWordIdx].lookupText = merged;
+    words[nextWordIdx].lookupText = merged;
+    words[nextWordIdx].continuationIndex = nextWordIdx;  // self-ref so highlight logic finds the second part
+  }
+
+  // Cross-page hyphenation: last word on page + first word of next page
+  if (!nextPageFirstWord.empty() && !rows.empty()) {
+    int lastWordIdx = rows.back().wordIndices.back();
+    const std::string& lastWord = words[lastWordIdx].text;
+    if (!lastWord.empty()) {
+      bool endsWithHyphen = false;
+      if (lastWord.back() == '-') {
+        endsWithHyphen = true;
+      } else if (lastWord.size() >= 2 && static_cast<uint8_t>(lastWord[lastWord.size() - 2]) == 0xC2 &&
+                 static_cast<uint8_t>(lastWord[lastWord.size() - 1]) == 0xAD) {
+        endsWithHyphen = true;
+      }
+      if (endsWithHyphen) {
+        std::string firstPart = lastWord;
+        if (firstPart.back() == '-') {
+          firstPart.pop_back();
+        } else if (firstPart.size() >= 2 && static_cast<uint8_t>(firstPart[firstPart.size() - 2]) == 0xC2 &&
+                   static_cast<uint8_t>(firstPart[firstPart.size() - 1]) == 0xAD) {
+          firstPart.erase(firstPart.size() - 2);
+        }
+        std::string merged = firstPart + nextPageFirstWord;
+        words[lastWordIdx].lookupText = merged;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove empty rows that may result from merging (e.g., a row whose only word was a continuation)
+  rows.erase(std::remove_if(rows.begin(), rows.end(), [](const Row& r) { return r.wordIndices.empty(); }), rows.end());
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::loop() {
+  // Delegate to subactivity (definition/suggestions screen) if active
+  if (subActivity) {
+    subActivity->loop();
+    if (pendingBackFromDef) {
+      pendingBackFromDef = false;
+      exitActivity();
+      updateRequired = true;
+    }
+    if (pendingExitToReader) {
+      pendingExitToReader = false;
+      exitActivity();
+      onBack();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (words.empty()) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+      onBack();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool changed = false;
+  const bool landscape = isLandscape();
+  const bool inverted = isInverted();
+
+  // Button mapping depends on physical orientation:
+  // - Portrait: side Up/Down = row nav, face Left/Right = word nav
+  // - Inverted: same axes but reversed directions (device is flipped 180)
+  // - Landscape: face Left/Right = row nav (swapped), side Up/Down = word nav
+  bool rowPrevPressed, rowNextPressed, wordPrevPressed, wordNextPressed;
+
+  if (landscape && orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CW) {
+    rowPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Left);
+    rowNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Right);
+    wordPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageForward) ||
+                      mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Down);
+    wordNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageBack) ||
+                      mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Up);
+  } else if (landscape) {
+    rowPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Right);
+    rowNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Left);
+    wordPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageBack) ||
+                      mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Up);
+    wordNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageForward) ||
+                      mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Down);
+  } else if (inverted) {
+    rowPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageForward) ||
+                     mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Down);
+    rowNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageBack) ||
+                     mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Up);
+    wordPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Right);
+    wordNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Left);
+  } else {
+    // Portrait (default)
+    rowPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageBack) ||
+                     mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Up);
+    rowNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::PageForward) ||
+                     mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Down);
+    wordPrevPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Left);
+    wordNextPressed = mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Right);
+  }
+
+  const int rowCount = static_cast<int>(rows.size());
+
+  // Helper: find closest word by X position in a target row
+  auto findClosestWord = [&](int targetRow) {
+    int wordIdx = rows[currentRow].wordIndices[currentWordInRow];
+    int currentCenterX = words[wordIdx].screenX + words[wordIdx].width / 2;
+    int bestMatch = 0;
+    int bestDist = INT_MAX;
+    for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(rows[targetRow].wordIndices.size()); i++) {
+      int idx = rows[targetRow].wordIndices[i];
+      int centerX = words[idx].screenX + words[idx].width / 2;
+      int dist = std::abs(centerX - currentCenterX);
+      if (dist < bestDist) {
+        bestDist = dist;
+        bestMatch = i;
+      }
+    }
+    return bestMatch;
+  };
+
+  // Move to previous row (wrap to bottom)
+  if (rowPrevPressed) {
+    int targetRow = (currentRow > 0) ? currentRow - 1 : rowCount - 1;
+    currentWordInRow = findClosestWord(targetRow);
+    currentRow = targetRow;
+    changed = true;
+  }
+
+  // Move to next row (wrap to top)
+  if (rowNextPressed) {
+    int targetRow = (currentRow < rowCount - 1) ? currentRow + 1 : 0;
+    currentWordInRow = findClosestWord(targetRow);
+    currentRow = targetRow;
+    changed = true;
+  }
+
+  // Move to previous word (wrap to end of previous row)
+  if (wordPrevPressed) {
+    if (currentWordInRow > 0) {
+      currentWordInRow--;
+    } else if (rowCount > 1) {
+      currentRow = (currentRow > 0) ? currentRow - 1 : rowCount - 1;
+      currentWordInRow = static_cast<int>(rows[currentRow].wordIndices.size()) - 1;
+    }
+    changed = true;
+  }
+
+  // Move to next word (wrap to start of next row)
+  if (wordNextPressed) {
+    if (currentWordInRow < static_cast<int>(rows[currentRow].wordIndices.size()) - 1) {
+      currentWordInRow++;
+    } else if (rowCount > 1) {
+      currentRow = (currentRow < rowCount - 1) ? currentRow + 1 : 0;
+      currentWordInRow = 0;
+    }
+    changed = true;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+    int wordIdx = rows[currentRow].wordIndices[currentWordInRow];
+    const std::string& rawWord = words[wordIdx].lookupText;
+    std::string cleaned = Dictionary::cleanWord(rawWord);
+
+    if (cleaned.empty()) {
+      GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "No word");
+      renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+      vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+      updateRequired = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Show looking up popup, then release mutex so display task can run
+    xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    Rect popupLayout = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Looking up...");
+    xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+
+    bool cancelled = false;
+    std::string definition = Dictionary::lookup(
+        cleaned,
+        [this, &popupLayout](int percent) {
+          xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+          GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupLayout, percent);
+          xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+        },
+        [this, &cancelled]() -> bool {
+          mappedInput.update();
+          if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+            cancelled = true;
+            return true;
+          }
+          return false;
+        });
+
+    if (cancelled) {
+      updateRequired = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    LookupHistory::addWord(cachePath, cleaned);
+
+    if (!definition.empty()) {
+      enterNewActivity(new DictionaryDefinitionActivity(
+          renderer, mappedInput, cleaned, definition, fontId, orientation,
+          [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Try stem variants (e.g., "jumped" -> "jump")
+    auto stems = Dictionary::getStemVariants(cleaned);
+    for (const auto& stem : stems) {
+      std::string stemDef = Dictionary::lookup(stem);
+      if (!stemDef.empty()) {
+        enterNewActivity(new DictionaryDefinitionActivity(
+            renderer, mappedInput, stem, stemDef, fontId, orientation,
+            [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Find similar words for suggestions
+    auto similar = Dictionary::findSimilar(cleaned, 6);
+    if (!similar.empty()) {
+      enterNewActivity(new DictionarySuggestionsActivity(
+          renderer, mappedInput, cleaned, similar, fontId, orientation, cachePath,
+          [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Not found");
+    renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+    vTaskDelay(1500 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+    updateRequired = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+    onBack();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (changed) {
+    updateRequired = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::renderScreen() {
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+
+  // Render the page content
+  page->render(renderer, fontId, marginLeft, marginTop);
+
+  if (!words.empty() && currentRow < static_cast<int>(rows.size())) {
+    int wordIdx = rows[currentRow].wordIndices[currentWordInRow];
+    const auto& w = words[wordIdx];
+
+    // Draw inverted highlight behind selected word
+    const int lineHeight = renderer.getLineHeight(fontId);
+    renderer.fillRect(w.screenX - 1, w.screenY - 1, w.width + 2, lineHeight + 2, true);
+    renderer.drawText(fontId, w.screenX, w.screenY, w.text.c_str(), false);
+
+    // Highlight the other half of a hyphenated word (whether selecting first or second part)
+    int otherIdx = (w.continuationOf >= 0) ? w.continuationOf : -1;
+    if (otherIdx < 0 && w.continuationIndex >= 0 && w.continuationIndex != wordIdx) {
+      otherIdx = w.continuationIndex;
+    }
+    if (otherIdx >= 0) {
+      const auto& other = words[otherIdx];
+      renderer.fillRect(other.screenX - 1, other.screenY - 1, other.width + 2, lineHeight + 2, true);
+      renderer.drawText(fontId, other.screenX, other.screenY, other.text.c_str(), false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  drawHints();
+
+  renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+}
+
+void DictionaryWordSelectActivity::drawHints() {
+  // Draw button hints in portrait orientation (matching physical buttons and theme).
+  // Any hint whose area would overlap the selected word highlight is completely skipped,
+  // leaving the page content underneath visible.
+  const auto origOrientation = renderer.getOrientation();
+
+  // Get portrait dimensions for overlap math
+  renderer.setOrientation(GfxRenderer::Orientation::Portrait);
+  const int portW = renderer.getScreenWidth();   // 480 in portrait
+  const int portH = renderer.getScreenHeight();  // 800 in portrait
+  renderer.setOrientation(origOrientation);
+
+  // Bottom button constants (match LyraTheme::drawButtonHints)
+  constexpr int buttonHeight = 40;     // LyraMetrics::values.buttonHintsHeight
+  constexpr int buttonWidth = 80;
+  constexpr int cornerRadius = 6;
+  constexpr int textYOffset = 7;
+  constexpr int smallButtonHeight = 15;
+  constexpr int buttonPositions[] = {58, 146, 254, 342};
+
+  // Side button constants (match LyraTheme::drawSideButtonHints)
+  constexpr int sideButtonWidth = 30;   // LyraMetrics::values.sideButtonHintsWidth
+  constexpr int sideButtonHeight = 78;
+  constexpr int sideButtonGap = 5;
+  constexpr int sideTopY = 345;         // topHintButtonY
+  const int sideX = portW - sideButtonWidth;
+  const int sideButtonY[2] = {sideTopY, sideTopY + sideButtonHeight + sideButtonGap};
+
+  // Labels for face and side buttons depend on orientation,
+  // because the physical-to-logical mapping rotates with the screen.
+  const char* facePrev;   // label for physical Left face button
+  const char* faceNext;   // label for physical Right face button
+  const char* sideTop;    // label for physical top side button (PageBack)
+  const char* sideBottom; // label for physical bottom side button (PageForward)
+
+  const bool landscape = isLandscape();
+  const bool inverted = isInverted();
+
+  if (landscape && orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CW) {
+    facePrev = "Line Up";    faceNext = "Line Dn";
+    sideTop = "Word \xC2\xBB";   sideBottom = "\xC2\xAB Word";
+  } else if (landscape) {  // LANDSCAPE_CCW
+    facePrev = "Line Dn";    faceNext = "Line Up";
+    sideTop = "\xC2\xAB Word";   sideBottom = "Word \xC2\xBB";
+  } else if (inverted) {
+    facePrev = "Word \xC2\xBB";  faceNext = "\xC2\xAB Word";
+    sideTop = "Line Dn";     sideBottom = "Line Up";
+  } else {  // Portrait (default)
+    facePrev = "\xC2\xAB Word";  faceNext = "Word \xC2\xBB";
+    sideTop = "Line Up";     sideBottom = "Line Dn";
+  }
+
+  const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("\xC2\xAB Back", "Select", facePrev, faceNext);
+  const char* btnLabels[] = {labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4};
+  const char* sideLabels[] = {sideTop, sideBottom};
+
+  // ---- Determine which hints overlap the selected word ----
+  bool hideHint[4] = {false, false, false, false};
+  bool hideSide[2] = {false, false};
+
+  if (!words.empty() && currentRow < static_cast<int>(rows.size())) {
+    const int lineHeight = renderer.getLineHeight(fontId);
+
+    // Collect bounding boxes of the selected word (and its continuation) in current-orientation coords.
+    struct Box {
+      int x, y, w, h;
+    };
+    Box boxes[2];
+    int boxCount = 0;
+
+    int wordIdx = rows[currentRow].wordIndices[currentWordInRow];
+    const auto& sel = words[wordIdx];
+    boxes[0] = {sel.screenX - 1, sel.screenY - 1, sel.width + 2, lineHeight + 2};
+    boxCount = 1;
+
+    int otherIdx = (sel.continuationOf >= 0) ? sel.continuationOf : -1;
+    if (otherIdx < 0 && sel.continuationIndex >= 0 && sel.continuationIndex != wordIdx) {
+      otherIdx = sel.continuationIndex;
+    }
+    if (otherIdx >= 0) {
+      const auto& other = words[otherIdx];
+      boxes[1] = {other.screenX - 1, other.screenY - 1, other.width + 2, lineHeight + 2};
+      boxCount = 2;
+    }
+
+    // Convert each box from the current orientation to portrait coordinates,
+    // then check overlap against both bottom and side button hints.
+    for (int b = 0; b < boxCount; b++) {
+      int px, py, pw, ph;
+
+      if (origOrientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::Portrait) {
+        px = boxes[b].x;
+        py = boxes[b].y;
+        pw = boxes[b].w;
+        ph = boxes[b].h;
+      } else if (origOrientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::PortraitInverted) {
+        px = portW - boxes[b].x - boxes[b].w;
+        py = portH - boxes[b].y - boxes[b].h;
+        pw = boxes[b].w;
+        ph = boxes[b].h;
+      } else if (origOrientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeClockwise) {
+        px = boxes[b].y;
+        py = portH - boxes[b].x - boxes[b].w;
+        pw = boxes[b].h;
+        ph = boxes[b].w;
+      } else {
+        px = portW - boxes[b].y - boxes[b].h;
+        py = boxes[b].x;
+        pw = boxes[b].h;
+        ph = boxes[b].w;
+      }
+
+      // Bottom button overlap
+      int hintTop = portH - buttonHeight;
+      if (py + ph > hintTop) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+          if (px + pw > buttonPositions[i] && px < buttonPositions[i] + buttonWidth) {
+            hideHint[i] = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Side button overlap
+      if (px + pw > sideX) {
+        for (int s = 0; s < 2; s++) {
+          if (py + ph > sideButtonY[s] && py < sideButtonY[s] + sideButtonHeight) {
+            hideSide[s] = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---- Draw all hints in portrait mode ----
+  // Hidden buttons are skipped entirely so the page content underneath stays visible.
+  renderer.setOrientation(GfxRenderer::Orientation::Portrait);
+
+  // Bottom face buttons
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    if (hideHint[i]) continue;
+
+    const int x = buttonPositions[i];
+    renderer.fillRect(x, portH - buttonHeight, buttonWidth, buttonHeight, false);
+
+    if (btnLabels[i] != nullptr && btnLabels[i][0] != '\0') {
+      renderer.drawRoundedRect(x, portH - buttonHeight, buttonWidth, buttonHeight, 1, cornerRadius, true, true, false,
+                               false, true);
+      const int tw = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, btnLabels[i]);
+      const int tx = x + (buttonWidth - 1 - tw) / 2;
+      renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, tx, portH - buttonHeight + textYOffset, btnLabels[i]);
+    } else {
+      renderer.drawRoundedRect(x, portH - smallButtonHeight, buttonWidth, smallButtonHeight, 1, cornerRadius, true,
+                               true, false, false, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Side buttons (custom-drawn with background, overlap hiding, truncation, and rotation)
+  const bool useCCW = (orientation == CrossPointSettings::ORIENTATION::LANDSCAPE_CCW);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+    if (hideSide[i]) continue;
+    if (sideLabels[i] == nullptr || sideLabels[i][0] == '\0') continue;
+
+    // Solid background
+    renderer.fillRect(sideX, sideButtonY[i], sideButtonWidth, sideButtonHeight, false);
+
+    // Outline (rounded on inner side, square on screen edge — matches theme)
+    renderer.drawRoundedRect(sideX, sideButtonY[i], sideButtonWidth, sideButtonHeight, 1, cornerRadius, true, false,
+                             true, false, true);
+
+    // Truncate text if it would overflow the button height
+    const std::string truncated = renderer.truncatedText(SMALL_FONT_ID, sideLabels[i], sideButtonHeight);
+    const int tw = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, truncated.c_str());
+
+    if (useCCW) {
+      // Text reads top-to-bottom (90° CCW rotation): y starts near top of button
+      renderer.drawTextRotated90CCW(SMALL_FONT_ID, sideX,
+                                    sideButtonY[i] + (sideButtonHeight - tw) / 2, truncated.c_str());
+    } else {
+      // Text reads bottom-to-top (90° CW rotation): y starts near bottom of button
+      renderer.drawTextRotated90CW(SMALL_FONT_ID, sideX,
+                                   sideButtonY[i] + (sideButtonHeight + tw) / 2, truncated.c_str());
+    }
+  }
+
+  renderer.setOrientation(origOrientation);
+}

src/activities/reader/DictionaryWordSelectActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <Epub/Page.h>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/semphr.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../ActivityWithSubactivity.h"
+
+class DictionaryWordSelectActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
+ public:
+  explicit DictionaryWordSelectActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput,
+                                        std::unique_ptr<Page> page, int fontId, int marginLeft, int marginTop,
+                                        const std::string& cachePath, uint8_t orientation,
+                                        const std::function<void()>& onBack,
+                                        const std::string& nextPageFirstWord = "")
+      : ActivityWithSubactivity("DictionaryWordSelect", renderer, mappedInput),
+        page(std::move(page)),
+        fontId(fontId),
+        marginLeft(marginLeft),
+        marginTop(marginTop),
+        cachePath(cachePath),
+        orientation(orientation),
+        onBack(onBack),
+        nextPageFirstWord(nextPageFirstWord) {}
+
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+
+ private:
+  struct WordInfo {
+    std::string text;
+    std::string lookupText;
+    int16_t screenX;
+    int16_t screenY;
+    int16_t width;
+    int16_t row;
+    int continuationIndex;
+    int continuationOf;
+    WordInfo(const std::string& t, int16_t x, int16_t y, int16_t w, int16_t r)
+        : text(t), lookupText(t), screenX(x), screenY(y), width(w), row(r), continuationIndex(-1), continuationOf(-1) {}
+  };
+
+  struct Row {
+    int16_t yPos;
+    std::vector<int> wordIndices;
+  };
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Page> page;
+  int fontId;
+  int marginLeft;
+  int marginTop;
+  std::string cachePath;
+  uint8_t orientation;
+  const std::function<void()> onBack;
+  std::string nextPageFirstWord;
+
+  std::vector<WordInfo> words;
+  std::vector<Row> rows;
+  int currentRow = 0;
+  int currentWordInRow = 0;
+  bool updateRequired = false;
+  bool pendingBackFromDef = false;
+  bool pendingExitToReader = false;
+
+  TaskHandle_t displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  SemaphoreHandle_t renderingMutex = nullptr;
+
+  bool isLandscape() const;
+  bool isInverted() const;
+  void extractWords();
+  void mergeHyphenatedWords();
+  void renderScreen();
+  void drawHints();
+  static void taskTrampoline(void* param);
+  [[noreturn]] void displayTaskLoop();
+};

src/activities/reader/EpubReaderActivity.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@
 #include <HalStorage.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
 
+#include <PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h>
+
 #include "CrossPointSettings.h"
 #include "CrossPointState.h"
+#include "EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity.h"
 #include "EpubReaderChapterSelectionActivity.h"
 #include "EpubReaderPercentSelectionActivity.h"
 #include "KOReaderCredentialStore.h"
@@ -16,6 +19,8 @@
 #include "RecentBooksStore.h"
 #include "components/UITheme.h"
 #include "fontIds.h"
+#include "util/BookmarkStore.h"
+#include "util/Dictionary.h"
 
 namespace {
 // pagesPerRefresh now comes from SETTINGS.getRefreshFrequency()
@@ -102,6 +107,58 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::onEnter() {
     }
   }
 
+  // Prerender covers and thumbnails on first open so Home and Sleep screens are instant.
+  // Each generate* call is a no-op if the file already exists, so this only does work once.
+  {
+    int totalSteps = 0;
+    if (!Storage.exists(epub->getCoverBmpPath(false).c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    if (!Storage.exists(epub->getCoverBmpPath(true).c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT; i++) {
+      if (!Storage.exists(epub->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    }
+
+    if (totalSteps > 0) {
+      Rect popupRect = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Preparing book...");
+      int completedSteps = 0;
+
+      auto updateProgress = [&]() {
+        completedSteps++;
+        GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupRect, completedSteps * 100 / totalSteps);
+      };
+
+      if (!Storage.exists(epub->getCoverBmpPath(false).c_str())) {
+        epub->generateCoverBmp(false);
+        // Fallback: generate placeholder if real cover extraction failed
+        if (!Storage.exists(epub->getCoverBmpPath(false).c_str())) {
+          PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(epub->getCoverBmpPath(false), epub->getTitle(), epub->getAuthor(), 480,
+                                             800);
+        }
+        updateProgress();
+      }
+      if (!Storage.exists(epub->getCoverBmpPath(true).c_str())) {
+        epub->generateCoverBmp(true);
+        if (!Storage.exists(epub->getCoverBmpPath(true).c_str())) {
+          PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(epub->getCoverBmpPath(true), epub->getTitle(), epub->getAuthor(), 480,
+                                             800);
+        }
+        updateProgress();
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (!Storage.exists(epub->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) {
+          epub->generateThumbBmp(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]);
+          // Fallback: generate placeholder thumbnail
+          if (!Storage.exists(epub->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) {
+            const int thumbHeight = PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i];
+            const int thumbWidth = static_cast<int>(thumbHeight * 0.6);
+            PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(epub->getThumbBmpPath(thumbHeight), epub->getTitle(),
+                                               epub->getAuthor(), thumbWidth, thumbHeight);
+          }
+          updateProgress();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   // Save current epub as last opened epub and add to recent books
   APP_STATE.openEpubPath = epub->getPath();
   APP_STATE.saveToFile();
@@ -196,10 +253,14 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::loop() {
       bookProgress = epub->calculateProgress(currentSpineIndex, chapterProgress) * 100.0f;
     }
     const int bookProgressPercent = clampPercent(static_cast<int>(bookProgress + 0.5f));
+    const bool hasDictionary = Dictionary::exists();
+    const bool isBookmarked = BookmarkStore::hasBookmark(
+        epub->getCachePath(), currentSpineIndex, section ? section->currentPage : 0);
     exitActivity();
     enterNewActivity(new EpubReaderMenuActivity(
         this->renderer, this->mappedInput, epub->getTitle(), currentPage, totalPages, bookProgressPercent,
-        SETTINGS.orientation, [this](const uint8_t orientation) { onReaderMenuBack(orientation); },
+        SETTINGS.orientation, hasDictionary, isBookmarked, epub->getCachePath(),
+        [this](const uint8_t orientation) { onReaderMenuBack(orientation); },
         [this](EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction action) { onReaderMenuConfirm(action); }));
     xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
   }
@@ -293,6 +354,8 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::onReaderMenuBack(const uint8_t orientation) {
   // Apply the user-selected orientation when the menu is dismissed.
   // This ensures the menu can be navigated without immediately rotating the screen.
   applyOrientation(orientation);
+  // Force a half refresh on the next render to clear menu/popup artifacts
+  pagesUntilFullRefresh = 1;
   updateRequired = true;
 }
 
@@ -360,6 +423,170 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::jumpToPercent(int percent) {
 
 void EpubReaderActivity::onReaderMenuConfirm(EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction action) {
   switch (action) {
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::ADD_BOOKMARK: {
+      const int page = section ? section->currentPage : 0;
+
+      // Extract first full sentence from the current page for the bookmark snippet.
+      // If the first word is lowercase, the page starts mid-sentence — skip to the
+      // next sentence boundary and start collecting from there.
+      std::string snippet;
+      if (section) {
+        auto p = section->loadPageFromSectionFile();
+        if (p) {
+          // Gather all words on the page into a flat list for easier traversal
+          std::vector<std::string> allWords;
+          for (const auto& element : p->elements) {
+            const auto* line = static_cast<const PageLine*>(element.get());
+            if (!line) continue;
+            const auto& block = line->getBlock();
+            if (!block) continue;
+            for (const auto& word : block->getWords()) {
+              allWords.push_back(word);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (!allWords.empty()) {
+            size_t startIdx = 0;
+
+            // Check if the first word starts with a lowercase letter (mid-sentence)
+            const char firstChar = allWords[0].empty() ? '\0' : allWords[0][0];
+            if (firstChar >= 'a' && firstChar <= 'z') {
+              // Skip past the end of this partial sentence
+              for (size_t i = 0; i < allWords.size(); i++) {
+                if (!allWords[i].empty()) {
+                  char last = allWords[i].back();
+                  if (last == '.' || last == '!' || last == '?' || last == ':') {
+                    startIdx = i + 1;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+              // If no sentence boundary found, fall back to using everything from the start
+              if (startIdx >= allWords.size()) {
+                startIdx = 0;
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Collect words from startIdx until the next sentence boundary
+            for (size_t i = startIdx; i < allWords.size(); i++) {
+              if (!snippet.empty()) snippet += " ";
+              snippet += allWords[i];
+              if (!allWords[i].empty()) {
+                char last = allWords[i].back();
+                if (last == '.' || last == '!' || last == '?' || last == ':') {
+                  break;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      BookmarkStore::addBookmark(epub->getCachePath(), currentSpineIndex, page, snippet);
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Bookmark added");
+      renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      vTaskDelay(750 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+      // Exit the menu and return to reading — the bookmark indicator will show on re-render,
+      // and next menu open will reflect the updated state.
+      exitActivity();
+      pagesUntilFullRefresh = 1;
+      updateRequired = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::REMOVE_BOOKMARK: {
+      const int page = section ? section->currentPage : 0;
+      BookmarkStore::removeBookmark(epub->getCachePath(), currentSpineIndex, page);
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Bookmark removed");
+      renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      vTaskDelay(750 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+      exitActivity();
+      pagesUntilFullRefresh = 1;
+      updateRequired = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::GO_TO_BOOKMARK: {
+      auto bookmarks = BookmarkStore::load(epub->getCachePath());
+
+      if (bookmarks.empty()) {
+        // No bookmarks: fall back to Table of Contents if available, otherwise go back
+        if (epub->getTocItemsCount() > 0) {
+          const int currentP = section ? section->currentPage : 0;
+          const int totalP = section ? section->pageCount : 0;
+          const int spineIdx = currentSpineIndex;
+          const std::string path = epub->getPath();
+
+          xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+          exitActivity();
+          enterNewActivity(new EpubReaderChapterSelectionActivity(
+              this->renderer, this->mappedInput, epub, path, spineIdx, currentP, totalP,
+              [this] {
+                exitActivity();
+                updateRequired = true;
+              },
+              [this](const int newSpineIndex) {
+                if (currentSpineIndex != newSpineIndex) {
+                  currentSpineIndex = newSpineIndex;
+                  nextPageNumber = 0;
+                  section.reset();
+                }
+                exitActivity();
+                updateRequired = true;
+              },
+              [this](const int newSpineIndex, const int newPage) {
+                if (currentSpineIndex != newSpineIndex || (section && section->currentPage != newPage)) {
+                  currentSpineIndex = newSpineIndex;
+                  nextPageNumber = newPage;
+                  section.reset();
+                }
+                exitActivity();
+                updateRequired = true;
+              }));
+          xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+        }
+        // If no TOC either, just return to reader (menu already closed by callback)
+        break;
+      }
+
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      exitActivity();
+      enterNewActivity(new EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity(
+          this->renderer, this->mappedInput, epub, std::move(bookmarks), epub->getCachePath(),
+          [this] {
+            exitActivity();
+            updateRequired = true;
+          },
+          [this](const int newSpineIndex, const int newPage) {
+            if (currentSpineIndex != newSpineIndex || (section && section->currentPage != newPage)) {
+              currentSpineIndex = newSpineIndex;
+              nextPageNumber = newPage;
+              section.reset();
+            }
+            exitActivity();
+            updateRequired = true;
+          }));
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::DELETE_DICT_CACHE: {
+      if (Dictionary::cacheExists()) {
+        Dictionary::deleteCache();
+        xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Dictionary cache deleted");
+        renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+        xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      } else {
+        xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "No cache to delete");
+        renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+        xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      }
+      vTaskDelay(1500 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+      break;
+    }
     case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::SELECT_CHAPTER: {
       // Calculate values BEFORE we start destroying things
       const int currentP = section ? section->currentPage : 0;
@@ -427,6 +654,70 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::onReaderMenuConfirm(EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction
       xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
       break;
     }
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::LOOKUP: {
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+
+      // Compute margins (same logic as renderScreen)
+      int orientedMarginTop, orientedMarginRight, orientedMarginBottom, orientedMarginLeft;
+      renderer.getOrientedViewableTRBL(&orientedMarginTop, &orientedMarginRight, &orientedMarginBottom,
+                                       &orientedMarginLeft);
+      orientedMarginTop += SETTINGS.screenMargin;
+      orientedMarginLeft += SETTINGS.screenMargin;
+      orientedMarginRight += SETTINGS.screenMargin;
+      orientedMarginBottom += SETTINGS.screenMargin;
+
+      if (SETTINGS.statusBar != CrossPointSettings::STATUS_BAR_MODE::NONE) {
+        auto metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+        const bool showProgressBar =
+            SETTINGS.statusBar == CrossPointSettings::STATUS_BAR_MODE::BOOK_PROGRESS_BAR ||
+            SETTINGS.statusBar == CrossPointSettings::STATUS_BAR_MODE::ONLY_BOOK_PROGRESS_BAR ||
+            SETTINGS.statusBar == CrossPointSettings::STATUS_BAR_MODE::CHAPTER_PROGRESS_BAR;
+        orientedMarginBottom += statusBarMargin - SETTINGS.screenMargin +
+                                (showProgressBar ? (metrics.bookProgressBarHeight + progressBarMarginTop) : 0);
+      }
+
+      // Load the current page
+      auto pageForLookup = section ? section->loadPageFromSectionFile() : nullptr;
+      const int readerFontId = SETTINGS.getReaderFontId();
+      const std::string bookCachePath = epub->getCachePath();
+      const uint8_t currentOrientation = SETTINGS.orientation;
+
+      // Get first word of next page for cross-page hyphenation
+      std::string nextPageFirstWord;
+      if (section && section->currentPage < section->pageCount - 1) {
+        int savedPage = section->currentPage;
+        section->currentPage = savedPage + 1;
+        auto nextPage = section->loadPageFromSectionFile();
+        section->currentPage = savedPage;
+        if (nextPage && !nextPage->elements.empty()) {
+          const auto* firstLine = static_cast<const PageLine*>(nextPage->elements[0].get());
+          if (firstLine->getBlock() && !firstLine->getBlock()->getWords().empty()) {
+            nextPageFirstWord = firstLine->getBlock()->getWords().front();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      exitActivity();
+
+      if (pageForLookup) {
+        enterNewActivity(new DictionaryWordSelectActivity(
+            renderer, mappedInput, std::move(pageForLookup), readerFontId, orientedMarginLeft, orientedMarginTop,
+            bookCachePath, currentOrientation, [this]() { pendingSubactivityExit = true; }, nextPageFirstWord));
+      }
+
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::LOOKED_UP_WORDS: {
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+
+      exitActivity();
+      enterNewActivity(new LookedUpWordsActivity(
+          renderer, mappedInput, epub->getCachePath(), SETTINGS.getReaderFontId(), SETTINGS.orientation,
+          [this]() { pendingSubactivityExit = true; }, [this]() { pendingSubactivityExit = true; }));
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+      break;
+    }
     case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::GO_HOME: {
       // Defer go home to avoid race condition with display task
       pendingGoHome = true;
@@ -480,6 +771,10 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::onReaderMenuConfirm(EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction
       }
       break;
     }
+    // Handled locally in the menu activity (cycle on Confirm, never dispatched here)
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::ROTATE_SCREEN:
+    case EpubReaderMenuActivity::MenuAction::LETTERBOX_FILL:
+      break;
   }
 }
 
@@ -566,6 +861,8 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::renderScreen() {
   }
 
   if (!section) {
+    loadingSection = true;
+
     const auto filepath = epub->getSpineItem(currentSpineIndex).href;
     LOG_DBG("ERS", "Loading file: %s, index: %d", filepath.c_str(), currentSpineIndex);
     section = std::unique_ptr<Section>(new Section(epub, currentSpineIndex, renderer));
@@ -585,6 +882,7 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::renderScreen() {
                                       viewportHeight, SETTINGS.hyphenationEnabled, SETTINGS.embeddedStyle, popupFn)) {
         LOG_ERR("ERS", "Failed to persist page data to SD");
         section.reset();
+        loadingSection = false;
         return;
       }
     } else {
@@ -617,6 +915,8 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::renderScreen() {
       section->currentPage = newPage;
       pendingPercentJump = false;
     }
+
+    loadingSection = false;
   }
 
   renderer.clearScreen();
@@ -673,6 +973,22 @@ void EpubReaderActivity::renderContents(std::unique_ptr<Page> page, const int or
                                         const int orientedMarginRight, const int orientedMarginBottom,
                                         const int orientedMarginLeft) {
   page->render(renderer, SETTINGS.getReaderFontId(), orientedMarginLeft, orientedMarginTop);
+
+  // Draw bookmark ribbon indicator in top-right corner if current page is bookmarked
+  if (section && BookmarkStore::hasBookmark(epub->getCachePath(), currentSpineIndex, section->currentPage)) {
+    const int screenWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+    const int bkWidth = 12;
+    const int bkHeight = 22;
+    const int bkX = screenWidth - orientedMarginRight - bkWidth + 2;
+    const int bkY = 0;
+    const int notchDepth = bkHeight / 3;
+    const int centerX = bkX + bkWidth / 2;
+
+    const int xPoints[5] = {bkX, bkX + bkWidth, bkX + bkWidth, centerX, bkX};
+    const int yPoints[5] = {bkY, bkY, bkY + bkHeight, bkY + bkHeight - notchDepth, bkY + bkHeight};
+    renderer.fillPolygon(xPoints, yPoints, 5, true);
+  }
+
   renderStatusBar(orientedMarginRight, orientedMarginBottom, orientedMarginLeft);
   if (pagesUntilFullRefresh <= 1) {
     renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::HALF_REFRESH);

src/activities/reader/EpubReaderActivity.h

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 #include <freertos/semphr.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 
+#include "DictionaryWordSelectActivity.h"
 #include "EpubReaderMenuActivity.h"
+#include "LookedUpWordsActivity.h"
 #include "activities/ActivityWithSubactivity.h"
 
 class EpubReaderActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ class EpubReaderActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
   bool pendingSubactivityExit = false;  // Defer subactivity exit to avoid use-after-free
   bool pendingGoHome = false;           // Defer go home to avoid race condition with display task
   bool skipNextButtonCheck = false;     // Skip button processing for one frame after subactivity exit
+  volatile bool loadingSection = false;  // True during the entire !section block (read from main loop)
   const std::function<void()> onGoBack;
   const std::function<void()> onGoHome;
 
@@ -53,4 +56,10 @@ class EpubReaderActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
   void onEnter() override;
   void onExit() override;
   void loop() override;
+  // Defer low-power mode and auto-sleep while a section is loading/building.
+  // !section covers the period before the Section object is created (including
+  // cover prerendering in onEnter). loadingSection covers the full !section block
+  // in renderScreen (including createSectionFile), during which section is non-null
+  // but the section file is still being built.
+  bool preventAutoSleep() override { return !section || loadingSection; }
 };

src/activities/reader/EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+#include "EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+
+int EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::getTotalItems() const { return static_cast<int>(bookmarks.size()); }
+
+int EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::getPageItems() const {
+  constexpr int lineHeight = 30;
+
+  const int screenHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
+  const auto orientation = renderer.getOrientation();
+  const bool isPortraitInverted = orientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::PortraitInverted;
+  const int hintGutterHeight = isPortraitInverted ? 50 : 0;
+  const int startY = 60 + hintGutterHeight;
+  const int availableHeight = screenHeight - startY - lineHeight;
+  return std::max(1, availableHeight / lineHeight);
+}
+
+std::string EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::getBookmarkPrefix(const Bookmark& bookmark) const {
+  std::string label;
+  if (epub) {
+    const int tocIndex = epub->getTocIndexForSpineIndex(bookmark.spineIndex);
+    if (tocIndex >= 0 && tocIndex < epub->getTocItemsCount()) {
+      label = epub->getTocItem(tocIndex).title;
+    } else {
+      label = "Chapter " + std::to_string(bookmark.spineIndex + 1);
+    }
+  } else {
+    label = "Chapter " + std::to_string(bookmark.spineIndex + 1);
+  }
+  if (!bookmark.snippet.empty()) {
+    label += " - " + bookmark.snippet;
+  }
+  return label;
+}
+
+std::string EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::getPageSuffix(const Bookmark& bookmark) {
+  return " - Page " + std::to_string(bookmark.pageNumber + 1);
+}
+
+void EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::taskTrampoline(void* param) {
+  auto* self = static_cast<EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity*>(param);
+  self->displayTaskLoop();
+}
+
+void EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::onEnter() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onEnter();
+
+  renderingMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+
+  // Trigger first update
+  updateRequired = true;
+  xTaskCreate(&EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::taskTrampoline, "BookmarkSelTask",
+              4096,               // Stack size
+              this,               // Parameters
+              1,                  // Priority
+              &displayTaskHandle  // Task handle
+  );
+}
+
+void EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::onExit() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onExit();
+
+  xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+  if (displayTaskHandle) {
+    vTaskDelete(displayTaskHandle);
+    displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  }
+  vSemaphoreDelete(renderingMutex);
+  renderingMutex = nullptr;
+}
+
+void EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::loop() {
+  if (subActivity) {
+    subActivity->loop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const int totalItems = getTotalItems();
+
+  if (totalItems == 0) {
+    // All bookmarks deleted, go back
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back) ||
+        mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+      onGoBack();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Delete confirmation mode: wait for confirm (delete) or back (cancel)
+  if (deleteConfirmMode) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+      if (ignoreNextConfirmRelease) {
+        // Ignore the release from the initial long press
+        ignoreNextConfirmRelease = false;
+      } else {
+        // Confirm delete
+        BookmarkStore::removeBookmark(cachePath, bookmarks[pendingDeleteIndex].spineIndex,
+                                      bookmarks[pendingDeleteIndex].pageNumber);
+        bookmarks.erase(bookmarks.begin() + pendingDeleteIndex);
+        if (selectorIndex >= static_cast<int>(bookmarks.size())) {
+          selectorIndex = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(bookmarks.size()) - 1);
+        }
+        deleteConfirmMode = false;
+        updateRequired = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+      deleteConfirmMode = false;
+      ignoreNextConfirmRelease = false;
+      updateRequired = true;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Detect long press on Confirm to trigger delete
+  constexpr unsigned long DELETE_HOLD_MS = 700;
+  if (mappedInput.isPressed(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm) && mappedInput.getHeldTime() >= DELETE_HOLD_MS) {
+    if (totalItems > 0 && selectorIndex >= 0 && selectorIndex < totalItems) {
+      deleteConfirmMode = true;
+      ignoreNextConfirmRelease = true;
+      pendingDeleteIndex = selectorIndex;
+      updateRequired = true;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const int pageItems = getPageItems();
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+    if (selectorIndex >= 0 && selectorIndex < totalItems) {
+      const auto& b = bookmarks[selectorIndex];
+      onSelectBookmark(b.spineIndex, b.pageNumber);
+    } else {
+      onGoBack();
+    }
+  } else if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+    onGoBack();
+  }
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNextRelease([this, totalItems] {
+    selectorIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectorIndex, totalItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPreviousRelease([this, totalItems] {
+    selectorIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectorIndex, totalItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNextContinuous([this, totalItems, pageItems] {
+    selectorIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextPageIndex(selectorIndex, totalItems, pageItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPreviousContinuous([this, totalItems, pageItems] {
+    selectorIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousPageIndex(selectorIndex, totalItems, pageItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+}
+
+void EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::displayTaskLoop() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (updateRequired && !subActivity) {
+      updateRequired = false;
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      renderScreen();
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+    }
+    vTaskDelay(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+  }
+}
+
+void EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity::renderScreen() {
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+
+  const auto pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const auto orientation = renderer.getOrientation();
+  const bool isLandscapeCw = orientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeClockwise;
+  const bool isLandscapeCcw = orientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeCounterClockwise;
+  const bool isPortraitInverted = orientation == GfxRenderer::Orientation::PortraitInverted;
+  const int hintGutterWidth = (isLandscapeCw || isLandscapeCcw) ? 30 : 0;
+  const int contentX = isLandscapeCw ? hintGutterWidth : 0;
+  const int contentWidth = pageWidth - hintGutterWidth;
+  const int hintGutterHeight = isPortraitInverted ? 50 : 0;
+  const int contentY = hintGutterHeight;
+  const int pageItems = getPageItems();
+  const int totalItems = getTotalItems();
+
+  // Title
+  const int titleX =
+      contentX + (contentWidth - renderer.getTextWidth(UI_12_FONT_ID, "Go to Bookmark", EpdFontFamily::BOLD)) / 2;
+  renderer.drawText(UI_12_FONT_ID, titleX, 15 + contentY, "Go to Bookmark", true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+  if (totalItems == 0) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, 100 + contentY, "No bookmarks", true);
+  } else {
+    const auto pageStartIndex = selectorIndex / pageItems * pageItems;
+    renderer.fillRect(contentX, 60 + contentY + (selectorIndex % pageItems) * 30 - 2, contentWidth - 1, 30);
+
+    const int maxLabelWidth = contentWidth - 40 - contentX - 20;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < pageItems; i++) {
+      int itemIndex = pageStartIndex + i;
+      if (itemIndex >= totalItems) break;
+      const int displayY = 60 + contentY + i * 30;
+      const bool isSelected = (itemIndex == selectorIndex);
+
+      const std::string suffix = getPageSuffix(bookmarks[itemIndex]);
+      const int suffixWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(UI_10_FONT_ID, suffix.c_str());
+
+      // Truncate the prefix (chapter + snippet) to leave room for the page suffix
+      const std::string prefix = getBookmarkPrefix(bookmarks[itemIndex]);
+      const std::string truncatedPrefix =
+          renderer.truncatedText(UI_10_FONT_ID, prefix.c_str(), maxLabelWidth - suffixWidth);
+
+      const std::string label = truncatedPrefix + suffix;
+
+      renderer.drawText(UI_10_FONT_ID, contentX + 20, displayY, label.c_str(), !isSelected);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (deleteConfirmMode && pendingDeleteIndex < static_cast<int>(bookmarks.size())) {
+    // Draw delete confirmation overlay
+    const std::string suffix = getPageSuffix(bookmarks[pendingDeleteIndex]);
+    std::string msg = "Delete bookmark" + suffix + "?";
+
+    constexpr int margin = 15;
+    constexpr int popupY = 200;
+    const int textWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(UI_12_FONT_ID, msg.c_str(), EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+    const int textHeight = renderer.getLineHeight(UI_12_FONT_ID);
+    const int w = textWidth + margin * 2;
+    const int h = textHeight + margin * 2;
+    const int x = (renderer.getScreenWidth() - w) / 2;
+
+    renderer.fillRect(x - 2, popupY - 2, w + 4, h + 4, true);
+    renderer.fillRect(x, popupY, w, h, false);
+
+    const int textX = x + (w - textWidth) / 2;
+    const int textY = popupY + margin - 2;
+    renderer.drawText(UI_12_FONT_ID, textX, textY, msg.c_str(), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("Cancel", "Delete", "", "");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+  } else {
+    if (!bookmarks.empty()) {
+      const char* deleteHint = "Hold select to delete";
+      const int hintWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, deleteHint);
+      renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, (renderer.getScreenWidth() - hintWidth) / 2,
+                        renderer.getScreenHeight() - 70, deleteHint);
+    }
+
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("\xC2\xAB Back", "Select", "Up", "Down");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+  }
+
+  renderer.displayBuffer();
+}

src/activities/reader/EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <Epub.h>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/semphr.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../ActivityWithSubactivity.h"
+#include "util/BookmarkStore.h"
+#include "util/ButtonNavigator.h"
+
+class EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
+  std::shared_ptr<Epub> epub;
+  std::vector<Bookmark> bookmarks;
+  std::string cachePath;
+  TaskHandle_t displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  SemaphoreHandle_t renderingMutex = nullptr;
+  ButtonNavigator buttonNavigator;
+  int selectorIndex = 0;
+  bool updateRequired = false;
+  bool deleteConfirmMode = false;
+  bool ignoreNextConfirmRelease = false;
+  int pendingDeleteIndex = 0;
+  const std::function<void()> onGoBack;
+  const std::function<void(int newSpineIndex, int newPage)> onSelectBookmark;
+
+  // Number of items that fit on a page, derived from logical screen height.
+  int getPageItems() const;
+
+  int getTotalItems() const;
+
+  // Build the prefix portion of a bookmark label (chapter + snippet, without page suffix)
+  std::string getBookmarkPrefix(const Bookmark& bookmark) const;
+
+  // Build the page suffix (e.g. " - Page 5")
+  static std::string getPageSuffix(const Bookmark& bookmark);
+
+  static void taskTrampoline(void* param);
+  [[noreturn]] void displayTaskLoop();
+  void renderScreen();
+
+ public:
+  explicit EpubReaderBookmarkSelectionActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput,
+                                               const std::shared_ptr<Epub>& epub,
+                                               std::vector<Bookmark> bookmarks,
+                                               const std::string& cachePath,
+                                               const std::function<void()>& onGoBack,
+                                               const std::function<void(int newSpineIndex, int newPage)>& onSelectBookmark)
+      : ActivityWithSubactivity("EpubReaderBookmarkSelection", renderer, mappedInput),
+        epub(epub),
+        bookmarks(std::move(bookmarks)),
+        cachePath(cachePath),
+        onGoBack(onGoBack),
+        onSelectBookmark(onSelectBookmark) {}
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+};

src/activities/reader/EpubReaderMenuActivity.cpp

@@ -68,6 +68,14 @@ void EpubReaderMenuActivity::loop() {
       updateRequired = true;
       return;
     }
+    if (selectedAction == MenuAction::LETTERBOX_FILL) {
+      // Cycle through: Default -> Dithered -> Solid -> None -> Default ...
+      int idx = (letterboxFillToIndex() + 1) % LETTERBOX_FILL_OPTION_COUNT;
+      pendingLetterboxFill = indexToLetterboxFill(idx);
+      saveLetterboxFill();
+      updateRequired = true;
+      return;
+    }
 
     // 1. Capture the callback and action locally
     auto actionCallback = onAction;
@@ -139,6 +147,12 @@ void EpubReaderMenuActivity::renderScreen() {
       const auto width = renderer.getTextWidth(UI_10_FONT_ID, value);
       renderer.drawText(UI_10_FONT_ID, contentX + contentWidth - 20 - width, displayY, value, !isSelected);
     }
+    if (menuItems[i].action == MenuAction::LETTERBOX_FILL) {
+      // Render current letterbox fill value on the right edge of the content area.
+      const auto value = letterboxFillLabels[letterboxFillToIndex()];
+      const auto width = renderer.getTextWidth(UI_10_FONT_ID, value);
+      renderer.drawText(UI_10_FONT_ID, contentX + contentWidth - 20 - width, displayY, value, !isSelected);
+    }
   }
 
   // Footer / Hints

src/activities/reader/EpubReaderMenuActivity.h

@@ -9,25 +9,48 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "../ActivityWithSubactivity.h"
+#include "util/BookSettings.h"
 #include "util/ButtonNavigator.h"
 
 class EpubReaderMenuActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
  public:
   // Menu actions available from the reader menu.
-  enum class MenuAction { SELECT_CHAPTER, GO_TO_PERCENT, ROTATE_SCREEN, GO_HOME, SYNC, DELETE_CACHE };
+  enum class MenuAction {
+    ADD_BOOKMARK,
+    REMOVE_BOOKMARK,
+    LOOKUP,
+    LOOKED_UP_WORDS,
+    ROTATE_SCREEN,
+    LETTERBOX_FILL,
+    SELECT_CHAPTER,
+    GO_TO_BOOKMARK,
+    GO_TO_PERCENT,
+    GO_HOME,
+    SYNC,
+    DELETE_CACHE,
+    DELETE_DICT_CACHE
+  };
 
   explicit EpubReaderMenuActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput, const std::string& title,
                                   const int currentPage, const int totalPages, const int bookProgressPercent,
-                                  const uint8_t currentOrientation, const std::function<void(uint8_t)>& onBack,
+                                  const uint8_t currentOrientation, const bool hasDictionary,
+                                  const bool isBookmarked, const std::string& bookCachePath,
+                                  const std::function<void(uint8_t)>& onBack,
                                   const std::function<void(MenuAction)>& onAction)
       : ActivityWithSubactivity("EpubReaderMenu", renderer, mappedInput),
+        menuItems(buildMenuItems(hasDictionary, isBookmarked)),
         title(title),
         pendingOrientation(currentOrientation),
+        bookCachePath(bookCachePath),
         currentPage(currentPage),
         totalPages(totalPages),
         bookProgressPercent(bookProgressPercent),
         onBack(onBack),
-        onAction(onAction) {}
+        onAction(onAction) {
+    // Load per-book settings to initialize the letterbox fill override
+    auto bookSettings = BookSettings::load(bookCachePath);
+    pendingLetterboxFill = bookSettings.letterboxFillOverride;
+  }
 
   void onEnter() override;
   void onExit() override;
@@ -39,11 +62,7 @@ class EpubReaderMenuActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
     std::string label;
   };
 
-  // Fixed menu layout (order matters for up/down navigation).
-  const std::vector<MenuItem> menuItems = {
-      {MenuAction::SELECT_CHAPTER, "Go to Chapter"}, {MenuAction::ROTATE_SCREEN, "Reading Orientation"},
-      {MenuAction::GO_TO_PERCENT, "Go to %"},        {MenuAction::GO_HOME, "Go Home"},
-      {MenuAction::SYNC, "Sync Progress"},           {MenuAction::DELETE_CACHE, "Delete Book Cache"}};
+  std::vector<MenuItem> menuItems;
 
   int selectedIndex = 0;
   bool updateRequired = false;
@@ -53,6 +72,11 @@ class EpubReaderMenuActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
   std::string title = "Reader Menu";
   uint8_t pendingOrientation = 0;
   const std::vector<const char*> orientationLabels = {"Portrait", "Landscape CW", "Inverted", "Landscape CCW"};
+  std::string bookCachePath;
+  // Letterbox fill override: 0xFF = Default (use global), 0 = Dithered, 1 = Solid, 2 = None
+  uint8_t pendingLetterboxFill = BookSettings::USE_GLOBAL;
+  static constexpr int LETTERBOX_FILL_OPTION_COUNT = 4;  // Default + 3 modes
+  const std::vector<const char*> letterboxFillLabels = {"Default", "Dithered", "Solid", "None"};
   int currentPage = 0;
   int totalPages = 0;
   int bookProgressPercent = 0;
@@ -60,6 +84,50 @@ class EpubReaderMenuActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
   const std::function<void(uint8_t)> onBack;
   const std::function<void(MenuAction)> onAction;
 
+  // Map the internal override value to an index into letterboxFillLabels.
+  int letterboxFillToIndex() const {
+    if (pendingLetterboxFill == BookSettings::USE_GLOBAL) return 0;  // "Default"
+    return pendingLetterboxFill + 1;  // 0->1 (Dithered), 1->2 (Solid), 2->3 (None)
+  }
+
+  // Map an index from letterboxFillLabels back to an override value.
+  static uint8_t indexToLetterboxFill(int index) {
+    if (index == 0) return BookSettings::USE_GLOBAL;
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(index - 1);
+  }
+
+  // Save the current letterbox fill override to the book's settings file.
+  void saveLetterboxFill() const {
+    auto bookSettings = BookSettings::load(bookCachePath);
+    bookSettings.letterboxFillOverride = pendingLetterboxFill;
+    BookSettings::save(bookCachePath, bookSettings);
+  }
+
+  static std::vector<MenuItem> buildMenuItems(bool hasDictionary, bool isBookmarked) {
+    std::vector<MenuItem> items;
+    if (isBookmarked) {
+      items.push_back({MenuAction::REMOVE_BOOKMARK, "Remove Bookmark"});
+    } else {
+      items.push_back({MenuAction::ADD_BOOKMARK, "Add Bookmark"});
+    }
+    if (hasDictionary) {
+      items.push_back({MenuAction::LOOKUP, "Lookup Word"});
+      items.push_back({MenuAction::LOOKED_UP_WORDS, "Lookup Word History"});
+    }
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::ROTATE_SCREEN, "Reading Orientation"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::LETTERBOX_FILL, "Letterbox Fill"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::SELECT_CHAPTER, "Table of Contents"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::GO_TO_BOOKMARK, "Go to Bookmark"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::GO_TO_PERCENT, "Go to %"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::GO_HOME, "Close Book"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::SYNC, "Sync Progress"});
+    items.push_back({MenuAction::DELETE_CACHE, "Delete Book Cache"});
+    if (hasDictionary) {
+      items.push_back({MenuAction::DELETE_DICT_CACHE, "Delete Dictionary Cache"});
+    }
+    return items;
+  }
+
   static void taskTrampoline(void* param);
   [[noreturn]] void displayTaskLoop();
   void renderScreen();

src/activities/reader/LookedUpWordsActivity.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#include "LookedUpWordsActivity.h"
+
+#include <GfxRenderer.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "DictionaryDefinitionActivity.h"
+#include "DictionarySuggestionsActivity.h"
+#include "MappedInputManager.h"
+#include "components/UITheme.h"
+#include "fontIds.h"
+#include "util/Dictionary.h"
+#include "util/LookupHistory.h"
+
+void LookedUpWordsActivity::taskTrampoline(void* param) {
+  auto* self = static_cast<LookedUpWordsActivity*>(param);
+  self->displayTaskLoop();
+}
+
+void LookedUpWordsActivity::displayTaskLoop() {
+  while (true) {
+    if (updateRequired && !subActivity) {
+      updateRequired = false;
+      xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+      renderScreen();
+      xSemaphoreGive(renderingMutex);
+    }
+    vTaskDelay(10 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+  }
+}
+
+void LookedUpWordsActivity::onEnter() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onEnter();
+  renderingMutex = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
+  words = LookupHistory::load(cachePath);
+  std::reverse(words.begin(), words.end());
+  updateRequired = true;
+  xTaskCreate(&LookedUpWordsActivity::taskTrampoline, "LookedUpTask", 4096, this, 1, &displayTaskHandle);
+}
+
+void LookedUpWordsActivity::onExit() {
+  ActivityWithSubactivity::onExit();
+  xSemaphoreTake(renderingMutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+  if (displayTaskHandle) {
+    vTaskDelete(displayTaskHandle);
+    displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  }
+  vSemaphoreDelete(renderingMutex);
+  renderingMutex = nullptr;
+}
+
+void LookedUpWordsActivity::loop() {
+  if (subActivity) {
+    subActivity->loop();
+    if (pendingBackFromDef) {
+      pendingBackFromDef = false;
+      exitActivity();
+      updateRequired = true;
+    }
+    if (pendingExitToReader) {
+      pendingExitToReader = false;
+      exitActivity();
+      onDone();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (words.empty()) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back) ||
+        mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+      onBack();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Delete confirmation mode: wait for confirm (delete) or back (cancel)
+  if (deleteConfirmMode) {
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+      if (ignoreNextConfirmRelease) {
+        // Ignore the release from the initial long press
+        ignoreNextConfirmRelease = false;
+      } else {
+        // Confirm delete
+        LookupHistory::removeWord(cachePath, words[pendingDeleteIndex]);
+        words.erase(words.begin() + pendingDeleteIndex);
+        if (selectedIndex >= static_cast<int>(words.size())) {
+          selectedIndex = std::max(0, static_cast<int>(words.size()) - 1);
+        }
+        deleteConfirmMode = false;
+        updateRequired = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+      deleteConfirmMode = false;
+      ignoreNextConfirmRelease = false;
+      updateRequired = true;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Detect long press on Confirm to trigger delete
+  constexpr unsigned long DELETE_HOLD_MS = 700;
+  if (mappedInput.isPressed(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm) && mappedInput.getHeldTime() >= DELETE_HOLD_MS) {
+    deleteConfirmMode = true;
+    ignoreNextConfirmRelease = true;
+    pendingDeleteIndex = selectedIndex;
+    updateRequired = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const int totalItems = static_cast<int>(words.size());
+  const int pageItems = getPageItems();
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNextRelease([this, totalItems] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextIndex(selectedIndex, totalItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPreviousRelease([this, totalItems] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousIndex(selectedIndex, totalItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onNextContinuous([this, totalItems, pageItems] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::nextPageIndex(selectedIndex, totalItems, pageItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  buttonNavigator.onPreviousContinuous([this, totalItems, pageItems] {
+    selectedIndex = ButtonNavigator::previousPageIndex(selectedIndex, totalItems, pageItems);
+    updateRequired = true;
+  });
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Confirm)) {
+    const std::string& headword = words[selectedIndex];
+
+    Rect popupLayout = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Looking up...");
+    std::string definition = Dictionary::lookup(
+        headword, [this, &popupLayout](int percent) { GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupLayout, percent); });
+
+    if (!definition.empty()) {
+      enterNewActivity(new DictionaryDefinitionActivity(
+          renderer, mappedInput, headword, definition, readerFontId, orientation,
+          [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Try stem variants
+    auto stems = Dictionary::getStemVariants(headword);
+    for (const auto& stem : stems) {
+      std::string stemDef = Dictionary::lookup(stem);
+      if (!stemDef.empty()) {
+        enterNewActivity(new DictionaryDefinitionActivity(
+            renderer, mappedInput, stem, stemDef, readerFontId, orientation,
+            [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Show similar word suggestions
+    auto similar = Dictionary::findSimilar(headword, 6);
+    if (!similar.empty()) {
+      enterNewActivity(new DictionarySuggestionsActivity(
+          renderer, mappedInput, headword, similar, readerFontId, orientation, cachePath,
+          [this]() { pendingBackFromDef = true; }, [this]() { pendingExitToReader = true; }));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Not found");
+    renderer.displayBuffer(HalDisplay::FAST_REFRESH);
+    vTaskDelay(1500 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+    updateRequired = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (mappedInput.wasReleased(MappedInputManager::Button::Back)) {
+    onBack();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+int LookedUpWordsActivity::getPageItems() const {
+  const auto orient = renderer.getOrientation();
+  const auto metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+  const bool isInverted = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::PortraitInverted;
+  const int hintGutterHeight = isInverted ? (metrics.buttonHintsHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing) : 0;
+  const int contentTop = hintGutterHeight + metrics.topPadding + metrics.headerHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing;
+  const int contentHeight =
+      renderer.getScreenHeight() - contentTop - metrics.buttonHintsHeight - metrics.verticalSpacing;
+  return std::max(1, contentHeight / metrics.listRowHeight);
+}
+
+void LookedUpWordsActivity::renderScreen() {
+  renderer.clearScreen();
+
+  const auto orient = renderer.getOrientation();
+  const auto metrics = UITheme::getInstance().getMetrics();
+  const bool isLandscapeCw = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeClockwise;
+  const bool isLandscapeCcw = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::LandscapeCounterClockwise;
+  const bool isInverted = orient == GfxRenderer::Orientation::PortraitInverted;
+  const int hintGutterWidth = (isLandscapeCw || isLandscapeCcw) ? metrics.sideButtonHintsWidth : 0;
+  const int hintGutterHeight = isInverted ? (metrics.buttonHintsHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing) : 0;
+  const int contentX = isLandscapeCw ? hintGutterWidth : 0;
+  const int pageWidth = renderer.getScreenWidth();
+  const int pageHeight = renderer.getScreenHeight();
+
+  // Header
+  GUI.drawHeader(
+      renderer,
+      Rect{contentX, hintGutterHeight + metrics.topPadding, pageWidth - hintGutterWidth, metrics.headerHeight},
+      "Lookup History");
+
+  const int contentTop = hintGutterHeight + metrics.topPadding + metrics.headerHeight + metrics.verticalSpacing;
+  const int contentHeight = pageHeight - contentTop - metrics.buttonHintsHeight - metrics.verticalSpacing;
+
+  if (words.empty()) {
+    renderer.drawCenteredText(UI_10_FONT_ID, contentTop + 20, "No words looked up yet");
+  } else {
+    GUI.drawList(
+        renderer, Rect{contentX, contentTop, pageWidth - hintGutterWidth, contentHeight}, words.size(), selectedIndex,
+        [this](int index) { return words[index]; }, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  if (deleteConfirmMode && pendingDeleteIndex < static_cast<int>(words.size())) {
+    // Draw delete confirmation overlay
+    const std::string& word = words[pendingDeleteIndex];
+    std::string displayWord = word;
+    if (displayWord.size() > 20) {
+      displayWord.erase(17);
+      displayWord += "...";
+    }
+    std::string msg = "Delete '" + displayWord + "'?";
+
+    constexpr int margin = 15;
+    const int popupY = 200 + hintGutterHeight;
+    const int textWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(UI_12_FONT_ID, msg.c_str(), EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+    const int textHeight = renderer.getLineHeight(UI_12_FONT_ID);
+    const int w = textWidth + margin * 2;
+    const int h = textHeight + margin * 2;
+    const int x = contentX + (renderer.getScreenWidth() - hintGutterWidth - w) / 2;
+
+    renderer.fillRect(x - 2, popupY - 2, w + 4, h + 4, true);
+    renderer.fillRect(x, popupY, w, h, false);
+
+    const int textX = x + (w - textWidth) / 2;
+    const int textY = popupY + margin - 2;
+    renderer.drawText(UI_12_FONT_ID, textX, textY, msg.c_str(), true, EpdFontFamily::BOLD);
+
+    // Button hints for delete mode
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("Cancel", "Delete", "", "");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+  } else {
+    // "Hold select to delete" hint above button hints
+    if (!words.empty()) {
+      const char* deleteHint = "Hold select to delete";
+      const int hintWidth = renderer.getTextWidth(SMALL_FONT_ID, deleteHint);
+      const int hintX = contentX + (renderer.getScreenWidth() - hintGutterWidth - hintWidth) / 2;
+      renderer.drawText(SMALL_FONT_ID, hintX,
+                        renderer.getScreenHeight() - metrics.buttonHintsHeight - metrics.verticalSpacing * 2,
+                        deleteHint);
+    }
+
+    // Normal button hints
+    const auto labels = mappedInput.mapLabels("\xC2\xAB Back", "Select", "Up", "Down");
+    GUI.drawButtonHints(renderer, labels.btn1, labels.btn2, labels.btn3, labels.btn4);
+  }
+
+  renderer.displayBuffer();
+}

src/activities/reader/LookedUpWordsActivity.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/semphr.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../ActivityWithSubactivity.h"
+#include "util/ButtonNavigator.h"
+
+class LookedUpWordsActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
+ public:
+  explicit LookedUpWordsActivity(GfxRenderer& renderer, MappedInputManager& mappedInput, const std::string& cachePath,
+                                 int readerFontId, uint8_t orientation, const std::function<void()>& onBack,
+                                 const std::function<void()>& onDone)
+      : ActivityWithSubactivity("LookedUpWords", renderer, mappedInput),
+        cachePath(cachePath),
+        readerFontId(readerFontId),
+        orientation(orientation),
+        onBack(onBack),
+        onDone(onDone) {}
+
+  void onEnter() override;
+  void onExit() override;
+  void loop() override;
+
+ private:
+  std::string cachePath;
+  int readerFontId;
+  uint8_t orientation;
+  const std::function<void()> onBack;
+  const std::function<void()> onDone;
+
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  int selectedIndex = 0;
+  bool updateRequired = false;
+  bool pendingBackFromDef = false;
+  bool pendingExitToReader = false;
+  ButtonNavigator buttonNavigator;
+
+  // Delete confirmation state
+  bool deleteConfirmMode = false;
+  bool ignoreNextConfirmRelease = false;
+  int pendingDeleteIndex = 0;
+
+  TaskHandle_t displayTaskHandle = nullptr;
+  SemaphoreHandle_t renderingMutex = nullptr;
+
+  int getPageItems() const;
+  void renderScreen();
+  static void taskTrampoline(void* param);
+  [[noreturn]] void displayTaskLoop();
+};

src/activities/reader/TxtReaderActivity.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include <Serialization.h>
 #include <Utf8.h>
 
+#include <PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h>
+
 #include "CrossPointSettings.h"
 #include "CrossPointState.h"
 #include "MappedInputManager.h"
@@ -57,12 +59,51 @@ void TxtReaderActivity::onEnter() {
 
   txt->setupCacheDir();
 
+  // Prerender covers and thumbnails on first open so Home and Sleep screens are instant.
+  // Each generate* call is a no-op if the file already exists, so this only does work once.
+  {
+    int totalSteps = 0;
+    if (!Storage.exists(txt->getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT; i++) {
+      if (!Storage.exists(txt->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    }
+
+    if (totalSteps > 0) {
+      Rect popupRect = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Preparing book...");
+      int completedSteps = 0;
+
+      auto updateProgress = [&]() {
+        completedSteps++;
+        GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupRect, completedSteps * 100 / totalSteps);
+      };
+
+      if (!Storage.exists(txt->getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) {
+        const bool coverGenerated = txt->generateCoverBmp();
+        // Fallback: generate placeholder if no cover image was found
+        if (!coverGenerated) {
+          PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(txt->getCoverBmpPath(), txt->getTitle(), "", 480, 800);
+        }
+        updateProgress();
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (!Storage.exists(txt->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) {
+          // TXT has no native thumbnail generation, always use placeholder
+          const int thumbHeight = PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i];
+          const int thumbWidth = static_cast<int>(thumbHeight * 0.6);
+          PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(txt->getThumbBmpPath(thumbHeight), txt->getTitle(), "", thumbWidth,
+                                             thumbHeight);
+          updateProgress();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   // Save current txt as last opened file and add to recent books
   auto filePath = txt->getPath();
   auto fileName = filePath.substr(filePath.rfind('/') + 1);
   APP_STATE.openEpubPath = filePath;
   APP_STATE.saveToFile();
-  RECENT_BOOKS.addBook(filePath, fileName, "", "");
+  RECENT_BOOKS.addBook(filePath, fileName, "", txt->getThumbBmpPath());
 
   // Trigger first update
   updateRequired = true;

src/activities/reader/TxtReaderActivity.h

@@ -57,4 +57,7 @@ class TxtReaderActivity final : public ActivityWithSubactivity {
   void onEnter() override;
   void onExit() override;
   void loop() override;
+  // Defer low-power mode and auto-sleep while the reader is initializing
+  // (cover prerendering, page index building on first open).
+  bool preventAutoSleep() override { return !initialized; }
 };

src/activities/reader/XtcReaderActivity.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
 
+#include <PlaceholderCoverGenerator.h>
+
 #include "CrossPointSettings.h"
 #include "CrossPointState.h"
 #include "MappedInputManager.h"
@@ -43,6 +45,48 @@ void XtcReaderActivity::onEnter() {
   // Load saved progress
   loadProgress();
 
+  // Prerender covers and thumbnails on first open so Home and Sleep screens are instant.
+  // Each generate* call is a no-op if the file already exists, so this only does work once.
+  {
+    int totalSteps = 0;
+    if (!Storage.exists(xtc->getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    for (int i = 0; i < PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT; i++) {
+      if (!Storage.exists(xtc->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) totalSteps++;
+    }
+
+    if (totalSteps > 0) {
+      Rect popupRect = GUI.drawPopup(renderer, "Preparing book...");
+      int completedSteps = 0;
+
+      auto updateProgress = [&]() {
+        completedSteps++;
+        GUI.fillPopupProgress(renderer, popupRect, completedSteps * 100 / totalSteps);
+      };
+
+      if (!Storage.exists(xtc->getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) {
+        xtc->generateCoverBmp();
+        // Fallback: generate placeholder if first-page cover extraction failed
+        if (!Storage.exists(xtc->getCoverBmpPath().c_str())) {
+          PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(xtc->getCoverBmpPath(), xtc->getTitle(), xtc->getAuthor(), 480, 800);
+        }
+        updateProgress();
+      }
+      for (int i = 0; i < PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT; i++) {
+        if (!Storage.exists(xtc->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) {
+          xtc->generateThumbBmp(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]);
+          // Fallback: generate placeholder thumbnail
+          if (!Storage.exists(xtc->getThumbBmpPath(PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i]).c_str())) {
+            const int thumbHeight = PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[i];
+            const int thumbWidth = static_cast<int>(thumbHeight * 0.6);
+            PlaceholderCoverGenerator::generate(xtc->getThumbBmpPath(thumbHeight), xtc->getTitle(), xtc->getAuthor(),
+                                               thumbWidth, thumbHeight);
+          }
+          updateProgress();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   // Save current XTC as last opened book and add to recent books
   APP_STATE.openEpubPath = xtc->getPath();
   APP_STATE.saveToFile();

src/activities/settings/SettingsActivity.cpp

@@ -173,6 +173,9 @@ void SettingsActivity::toggleCurrentSetting() {
   } else if (setting.type == SettingType::ENUM && setting.valuePtr != nullptr) {
     const uint8_t currentValue = SETTINGS.*(setting.valuePtr);
     SETTINGS.*(setting.valuePtr) = (currentValue + 1) % static_cast<uint8_t>(setting.enumValues.size());
+  } else if (setting.type == SettingType::ENUM && setting.valueGetter && setting.valueSetter) {
+    const uint8_t currentValue = setting.valueGetter();
+    setting.valueSetter((currentValue + 1) % static_cast<uint8_t>(setting.enumValues.size()));
   } else if (setting.type == SettingType::VALUE && setting.valuePtr != nullptr) {
     const int8_t currentValue = SETTINGS.*(setting.valuePtr);
     if (currentValue + setting.valueRange.step > setting.valueRange.max) {
@@ -274,6 +277,11 @@ void SettingsActivity::render() const {
         } else if (settings[i].type == SettingType::ENUM && settings[i].valuePtr != nullptr) {
           const uint8_t value = SETTINGS.*(settings[i].valuePtr);
           valueText = settings[i].enumValues[value];
+        } else if (settings[i].type == SettingType::ENUM && settings[i].valueGetter) {
+          const uint8_t value = settings[i].valueGetter();
+          if (value < settings[i].enumValues.size()) {
+            valueText = settings[i].enumValues[value];
+          }
         } else if (settings[i].type == SettingType::VALUE && settings[i].valuePtr != nullptr) {
           valueText = std::to_string(SETTINGS.*(settings[i].valuePtr));
         }

src/components/UITheme.h

@@ -27,5 +27,10 @@ class UITheme {
   const BaseTheme* currentTheme;
 };
 
+// Known theme thumbnail heights to prerender when opening a book for the first time.
+// These correspond to homeCoverHeight values across all themes (Lyra=226, Base=400).
+static constexpr int PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS[] = {226, 400};
+static constexpr int PRERENDER_THUMB_HEIGHTS_COUNT = 2;
+
 // Helper macro to access current theme
 #define GUI UITheme::getInstance().getTheme()

src/main.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <GfxRenderer.h>
 #include <HalDisplay.h>
 #include <HalGPIO.h>
+#include <HalPowerManager.h>
 #include <HalStorage.h>
 #include <Logging.h>
 #include <SPI.h>
@@ -32,18 +33,22 @@
 
 HalDisplay display;
 HalGPIO gpio;
+HalPowerManager powerManager;
 MappedInputManager mappedInputManager(gpio);
 GfxRenderer renderer(display);
 Activity* currentActivity;
 
 // Fonts
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
 EpdFont bookerly14RegularFont(&bookerly_14_regular);
 EpdFont bookerly14BoldFont(&bookerly_14_bold);
 EpdFont bookerly14ItalicFont(&bookerly_14_italic);
 EpdFont bookerly14BoldItalicFont(&bookerly_14_bolditalic);
 EpdFontFamily bookerly14FontFamily(&bookerly14RegularFont, &bookerly14BoldFont, &bookerly14ItalicFont,
                                    &bookerly14BoldItalicFont);
+#endif  // OMIT_BOOKERLY
 #ifndef OMIT_FONTS
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
 EpdFont bookerly12RegularFont(&bookerly_12_regular);
 EpdFont bookerly12BoldFont(&bookerly_12_bold);
 EpdFont bookerly12ItalicFont(&bookerly_12_italic);
@@ -62,7 +67,9 @@ EpdFont bookerly18ItalicFont(&bookerly_18_italic);
 EpdFont bookerly18BoldItalicFont(&bookerly_18_bolditalic);
 EpdFontFamily bookerly18FontFamily(&bookerly18RegularFont, &bookerly18BoldFont, &bookerly18ItalicFont,
                                    &bookerly18BoldItalicFont);
+#endif  // OMIT_BOOKERLY
 
+#ifndef OMIT_NOTOSANS
 EpdFont notosans12RegularFont(&notosans_12_regular);
 EpdFont notosans12BoldFont(&notosans_12_bold);
 EpdFont notosans12ItalicFont(&notosans_12_italic);
@@ -87,7 +94,9 @@ EpdFont notosans18ItalicFont(&notosans_18_italic);
 EpdFont notosans18BoldItalicFont(&notosans_18_bolditalic);
 EpdFontFamily notosans18FontFamily(&notosans18RegularFont, &notosans18BoldFont, &notosans18ItalicFont,
                                    &notosans18BoldItalicFont);
+#endif  // OMIT_NOTOSANS
 
+#ifndef OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
 EpdFont opendyslexic8RegularFont(&opendyslexic_8_regular);
 EpdFont opendyslexic8BoldFont(&opendyslexic_8_bold);
 EpdFont opendyslexic8ItalicFont(&opendyslexic_8_italic);
@@ -112,6 +121,7 @@ EpdFont opendyslexic14ItalicFont(&opendyslexic_14_italic);
 EpdFont opendyslexic14BoldItalicFont(&opendyslexic_14_bolditalic);
 EpdFontFamily opendyslexic14FontFamily(&opendyslexic14RegularFont, &opendyslexic14BoldFont, &opendyslexic14ItalicFont,
                                        &opendyslexic14BoldItalicFont);
+#endif  // OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
 #endif  // OMIT_FONTS
 
 EpdFont smallFont(&notosans_8_regular);
@@ -182,7 +192,7 @@ void verifyPowerButtonDuration() {
   if (abort) {
     // Button released too early. Returning to sleep.
     // IMPORTANT: Re-arm the wakeup trigger before sleeping again
-    gpio.startDeepSleep();
+    powerManager.startDeepSleep(gpio);
   }
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +215,7 @@ void enterDeepSleep() {
   LOG_DBG("MAIN", "Power button press calibration value: %lu ms", t2 - t1);
   LOG_DBG("MAIN", "Entering deep sleep");
 
-  gpio.startDeepSleep();
+  powerManager.startDeepSleep(gpio);
 }
 
 void onGoHome();
@@ -257,20 +267,28 @@ void setupDisplayAndFonts() {
   display.begin();
   renderer.begin();
   LOG_DBG("MAIN", "Display initialized");
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
   renderer.insertFont(BOOKERLY_14_FONT_ID, bookerly14FontFamily);
+#endif
 #ifndef OMIT_FONTS
+#ifndef OMIT_BOOKERLY
   renderer.insertFont(BOOKERLY_12_FONT_ID, bookerly12FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(BOOKERLY_16_FONT_ID, bookerly16FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(BOOKERLY_18_FONT_ID, bookerly18FontFamily);
+#endif  // OMIT_BOOKERLY
 
+#ifndef OMIT_NOTOSANS
   renderer.insertFont(NOTOSANS_12_FONT_ID, notosans12FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(NOTOSANS_14_FONT_ID, notosans14FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(NOTOSANS_16_FONT_ID, notosans16FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(NOTOSANS_18_FONT_ID, notosans18FontFamily);
+#endif  // OMIT_NOTOSANS
+#ifndef OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
   renderer.insertFont(OPENDYSLEXIC_8_FONT_ID, opendyslexic8FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(OPENDYSLEXIC_10_FONT_ID, opendyslexic10FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(OPENDYSLEXIC_12_FONT_ID, opendyslexic12FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(OPENDYSLEXIC_14_FONT_ID, opendyslexic14FontFamily);
+#endif  // OMIT_OPENDYSLEXIC
 #endif  // OMIT_FONTS
   renderer.insertFont(UI_10_FONT_ID, ui10FontFamily);
   renderer.insertFont(UI_12_FONT_ID, ui12FontFamily);
@@ -282,6 +300,7 @@ void setup() {
   t1 = millis();
 
   gpio.begin();
+  powerManager.begin();
 
   // Only start serial if USB connected
   if (gpio.isUsbConnected()) {
@@ -317,7 +336,7 @@ void setup() {
     case HalGPIO::WakeupReason::AfterUSBPower:
       // If USB power caused a cold boot, go back to sleep
       LOG_DBG("MAIN", "Wakeup reason: After USB Power");
-      gpio.startDeepSleep();
+      powerManager.startDeepSleep(gpio);
       break;
     case HalGPIO::WakeupReason::AfterFlash:
       // After flashing, just proceed to boot
@@ -389,7 +408,8 @@ void loop() {
   // Check for any user activity (button press or release) or active background work
   static unsigned long lastActivityTime = millis();
   if (gpio.wasAnyPressed() || gpio.wasAnyReleased() || (currentActivity && currentActivity->preventAutoSleep())) {
-    lastActivityTime = millis();  // Reset inactivity timer
+    lastActivityTime = millis();         // Reset inactivity timer
+    powerManager.setPowerSaving(false);  // Restore normal CPU frequency on user activity
   }
 
   const unsigned long sleepTimeoutMs = SETTINGS.getSleepTimeoutMs();
@@ -420,15 +440,22 @@ void loop() {
     }
   }
 
+  // Re-check preventAutoSleep: the activity may have changed during loop() above
+  // (e.g., HomeActivity transitioned to EpubReaderActivity with pending section work).
+  if (currentActivity && currentActivity->preventAutoSleep()) {
+    lastActivityTime = millis();
+    powerManager.setPowerSaving(false);
+  }
+
   // Add delay at the end of the loop to prevent tight spinning
   // When an activity requests skip loop delay (e.g., webserver running), use yield() for faster response
   // Otherwise, use longer delay to save power
   if (currentActivity && currentActivity->skipLoopDelay()) {
     yield();  // Give FreeRTOS a chance to run tasks, but return immediately
   } else {
-    static constexpr unsigned long IDLE_POWER_SAVING_MS = 3000;  // 3 seconds
-    if (millis() - lastActivityTime >= IDLE_POWER_SAVING_MS) {
+    if (millis() - lastActivityTime >= HalPowerManager::IDLE_POWER_SAVING_MS) {
       // If we've been inactive for a while, increase the delay to save power
+      powerManager.setPowerSaving(true);  // Lower CPU frequency after extended inactivity
       delay(50);
     } else {
       // Short delay to prevent tight loop while still being responsive

src/util/BookSettings.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "BookSettings.h"
+
+#include <HalStorage.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+#include <Serialization.h>
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint8_t BOOK_SETTINGS_VERSION = 1;
+constexpr uint8_t BOOK_SETTINGS_COUNT = 1;  // Number of persisted fields
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string BookSettings::filePath(const std::string& cachePath) { return cachePath + "/book_settings.bin"; }
+
+BookSettings BookSettings::load(const std::string& cachePath) {
+  BookSettings settings;
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("BST", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    return settings;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t version;
+  serialization::readPod(f, version);
+  if (version != BOOK_SETTINGS_VERSION) {
+    f.close();
+    return settings;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t fieldCount;
+  serialization::readPod(f, fieldCount);
+
+  // Read fields that exist (supports older files with fewer fields)
+  uint8_t fieldsRead = 0;
+  do {
+    serialization::readPod(f, settings.letterboxFillOverride);
+    if (++fieldsRead >= fieldCount) break;
+    // New fields added here for forward compatibility
+  } while (false);
+
+  f.close();
+  LOG_DBG("BST", "Loaded book settings from %s (letterboxFill=%d)", filePath(cachePath).c_str(),
+          settings.letterboxFillOverride);
+  return settings;
+}
+
+bool BookSettings::save(const std::string& cachePath, const BookSettings& settings) {
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("BST", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    LOG_ERR("BST", "Could not save book settings!");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  serialization::writePod(f, BOOK_SETTINGS_VERSION);
+  serialization::writePod(f, BOOK_SETTINGS_COUNT);
+  serialization::writePod(f, settings.letterboxFillOverride);
+  // New fields added here
+  f.close();
+
+  LOG_DBG("BST", "Saved book settings to %s", filePath(cachePath).c_str());
+  return true;
+}

src/util/BookSettings.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "CrossPointSettings.h"
+
+// Per-book settings stored in the book's cache directory.
+// Fields default to sentinel values (0xFF) meaning "use global setting".
+class BookSettings {
+ public:
+  // 0xFF = use global default; otherwise one of SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL values (0-2).
+  uint8_t letterboxFillOverride = USE_GLOBAL;
+
+  static constexpr uint8_t USE_GLOBAL = 0xFF;
+
+  // Returns the effective letterbox fill mode: the per-book override if set,
+  // otherwise the global setting from CrossPointSettings.
+  uint8_t getEffectiveLetterboxFill() const {
+    if (letterboxFillOverride != USE_GLOBAL &&
+        letterboxFillOverride < CrossPointSettings::SLEEP_SCREEN_LETTERBOX_FILL_COUNT) {
+      return letterboxFillOverride;
+    }
+    return SETTINGS.sleepScreenLetterboxFill;
+  }
+
+  static BookSettings load(const std::string& cachePath);
+  static bool save(const std::string& cachePath, const BookSettings& settings);
+
+ private:
+  static std::string filePath(const std::string& cachePath);
+};

src/util/BookmarkStore.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "BookmarkStore.h"
+
+#include <HalStorage.h>
+#include <Logging.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+std::string BookmarkStore::filePath(const std::string& cachePath) { return cachePath + "/bookmarks.bin"; }
+
+std::vector<Bookmark> BookmarkStore::load(const std::string& cachePath) {
+  std::vector<Bookmark> bookmarks;
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("BKM", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    return bookmarks;
+  }
+
+  // File format v2: [version(1)] [count(2)] [entries...]
+  // Each entry: [spine(2)] [page(2)] [snippetLen(1)] [snippet(snippetLen)]
+  // v1 (no version byte): [count(2)] [entries of 4 bytes each]
+  // We detect v1 by checking if the first byte could be a version marker (0xFF).
+
+  uint8_t firstByte;
+  if (f.read(&firstByte, 1) != 1) {
+    f.close();
+    return bookmarks;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t count;
+  bool hasSnippets;
+
+  if (firstByte == 0xFF) {
+    // v2 format: version marker was 0xFF
+    hasSnippets = true;
+    uint8_t countBytes[2];
+    if (f.read(countBytes, 2) != 2) {
+      f.close();
+      return bookmarks;
+    }
+    count = static_cast<uint16_t>(countBytes[0]) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(countBytes[1]) << 8);
+  } else {
+    // v1 format: first byte was part of the count
+    hasSnippets = false;
+    uint8_t secondByte;
+    if (f.read(&secondByte, 1) != 1) {
+      f.close();
+      return bookmarks;
+    }
+    count = static_cast<uint16_t>(firstByte) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(secondByte) << 8);
+  }
+
+  if (count > MAX_BOOKMARKS) {
+    count = MAX_BOOKMARKS;
+  }
+
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    uint8_t entry[4];
+    if (f.read(entry, 4) != 4) break;
+    Bookmark b;
+    b.spineIndex = static_cast<int16_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(entry[0]) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(entry[1]) << 8));
+    b.pageNumber = static_cast<int16_t>(static_cast<uint16_t>(entry[2]) | (static_cast<uint16_t>(entry[3]) << 8));
+
+    if (hasSnippets) {
+      uint8_t snippetLen;
+      if (f.read(&snippetLen, 1) != 1) break;
+      if (snippetLen > 0) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> buf(snippetLen);
+        if (f.read(buf.data(), snippetLen) != snippetLen) break;
+        b.snippet = std::string(buf.begin(), buf.end());
+      }
+    }
+
+    bookmarks.push_back(b);
+  }
+
+  f.close();
+  return bookmarks;
+}
+
+bool BookmarkStore::save(const std::string& cachePath, const std::vector<Bookmark>& bookmarks) {
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("BKM", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    LOG_ERR("BKM", "Could not save bookmarks!");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Write v2 format: version marker + count + entries with snippets
+  uint8_t version = 0xFF;
+  f.write(&version, 1);
+
+  uint16_t count = static_cast<uint16_t>(bookmarks.size());
+  uint8_t header[2] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(count & 0xFF), static_cast<uint8_t>((count >> 8) & 0xFF)};
+  f.write(header, 2);
+
+  for (const auto& b : bookmarks) {
+    uint8_t entry[4];
+    entry[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(b.spineIndex & 0xFF);
+    entry[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>((b.spineIndex >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    entry[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(b.pageNumber & 0xFF);
+    entry[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>((b.pageNumber >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    f.write(entry, 4);
+
+    // Write snippet: length byte + string data
+    uint8_t snippetLen = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min(static_cast<int>(b.snippet.size()), MAX_SNIPPET_LENGTH));
+    f.write(&snippetLen, 1);
+    if (snippetLen > 0) {
+      f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(b.snippet.c_str()), snippetLen);
+    }
+  }
+
+  f.close();
+  LOG_DBG("BKM", "Saved %d bookmarks", count);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BookmarkStore::addBookmark(const std::string& cachePath, int spineIndex, int page, const std::string& snippet) {
+  auto bookmarks = load(cachePath);
+
+  // Check for duplicate
+  for (const auto& b : bookmarks) {
+    if (b.spineIndex == spineIndex && b.pageNumber == page) {
+      return true;  // Already bookmarked
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (static_cast<int>(bookmarks.size()) >= MAX_BOOKMARKS) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Bookmark b;
+  b.spineIndex = static_cast<int16_t>(spineIndex);
+  b.pageNumber = static_cast<int16_t>(page);
+  b.snippet = snippet.substr(0, MAX_SNIPPET_LENGTH);
+  bookmarks.push_back(b);
+
+  return save(cachePath, bookmarks);
+}
+
+bool BookmarkStore::removeBookmark(const std::string& cachePath, int spineIndex, int page) {
+  auto bookmarks = load(cachePath);
+
+  auto it = std::remove_if(bookmarks.begin(), bookmarks.end(),
+                           [spineIndex, page](const Bookmark& b) {
+                             return b.spineIndex == spineIndex && b.pageNumber == page;
+                           });
+
+  if (it == bookmarks.end()) {
+    return false;  // Not found
+  }
+
+  bookmarks.erase(it, bookmarks.end());
+  return save(cachePath, bookmarks);
+}
+
+bool BookmarkStore::hasBookmark(const std::string& cachePath, int spineIndex, int page) {
+  auto bookmarks = load(cachePath);
+  return std::any_of(bookmarks.begin(), bookmarks.end(), [spineIndex, page](const Bookmark& b) {
+    return b.spineIndex == spineIndex && b.pageNumber == page;
+  });
+}

src/util/BookmarkStore.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct Bookmark {
+  int16_t spineIndex;
+  int16_t pageNumber;
+  std::string snippet;  // First sentence or text excerpt from the page
+};
+
+class BookmarkStore {
+ public:
+  static std::vector<Bookmark> load(const std::string& cachePath);
+  static bool save(const std::string& cachePath, const std::vector<Bookmark>& bookmarks);
+  static bool addBookmark(const std::string& cachePath, int spineIndex, int page, const std::string& snippet = "");
+  static bool removeBookmark(const std::string& cachePath, int spineIndex, int page);
+  static bool hasBookmark(const std::string& cachePath, int spineIndex, int page);
+
+ private:
+  static std::string filePath(const std::string& cachePath);
+  static constexpr int MAX_BOOKMARKS = 200;
+  static constexpr int MAX_SNIPPET_LENGTH = 120;
+};

src/util/Dictionary.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+#include "Dictionary.h"
+
+#include <HalStorage.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace {
+constexpr const char* IDX_PATH = "/.dictionary/dictionary.idx";
+constexpr const char* DICT_PATH = "/.dictionary/dictionary.dict";
+constexpr const char* CACHE_PATH = "/.dictionary/dictionary.cache";
+constexpr uint32_t CACHE_MAGIC = 0x44494358;  // "DICX"
+
+// g_ascii_strcasecmp equivalent: compare lowercasing only ASCII A-Z.
+int asciiCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  const auto* p1 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(s1);
+  const auto* p2 = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(s2);
+  while (*p1 && *p2) {
+    unsigned char c1 = *p1, c2 = *p2;
+    if (c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'Z') c1 += 32;
+    if (c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'Z') c2 += 32;
+    if (c1 != c2) return static_cast<int>(c1) - static_cast<int>(c2);
+    ++p1;
+    ++p2;
+  }
+  return static_cast<int>(*p1) - static_cast<int>(*p2);
+}
+
+// StarDict index comparison: case-insensitive first, then case-sensitive tiebreaker.
+// This matches the stardict_strcmp used by StarDict to sort .idx entries.
+int stardictCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  int ci = asciiCaseCmp(s1, s2);
+  if (ci != 0) return ci;
+  return std::strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+std::vector<uint32_t> Dictionary::sparseOffsets;
+uint32_t Dictionary::totalWords = 0;
+bool Dictionary::indexLoaded = false;
+
+bool Dictionary::exists() { return Storage.exists(IDX_PATH); }
+
+bool Dictionary::cacheExists() { return Storage.exists(CACHE_PATH); }
+
+void Dictionary::deleteCache() {
+  Storage.remove(CACHE_PATH);
+  // Reset in-memory state so next lookup rebuilds from the .idx file.
+  sparseOffsets.clear();
+  totalWords = 0;
+  indexLoaded = false;
+}
+
+std::string Dictionary::cleanWord(const std::string& word) {
+  if (word.empty()) return "";
+
+  // Find first alphanumeric character
+  size_t start = 0;
+  while (start < word.size() && !std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(word[start]))) {
+    start++;
+  }
+
+  // Find last alphanumeric character
+  size_t end = word.size();
+  while (end > start && !std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(word[end - 1]))) {
+    end--;
+  }
+
+  if (start >= end) return "";
+
+  std::string result = word.substr(start, end - start);
+  // Lowercase
+  std::transform(result.begin(), result.end(), result.begin(), [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
+  return result;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Cache: persists the sparse offset table to SD card so subsequent boots skip
+// the full .idx scan.  The cache is invalidated when the .idx file size changes.
+//
+// Format: [magic 4B][idxFileSize 4B][totalWords 4B][count 4B][offsets N×4B]
+// All values are stored in native byte order (little-endian on ESP32).
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool Dictionary::loadCachedIndex() {
+  FsFile idx;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("DICT", IDX_PATH, idx)) return false;
+  const uint32_t idxFileSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(idx.fileSize());
+  idx.close();
+
+  FsFile cache;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("DICT", CACHE_PATH, cache)) return false;
+
+  // Read and validate header
+  uint32_t header[4];  // magic, idxFileSize, totalWords, count
+  if (cache.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(header), 16) != 16) {
+    cache.close();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (header[0] != CACHE_MAGIC || header[1] != idxFileSize) {
+    cache.close();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  totalWords = header[2];
+  const uint32_t count = header[3];
+
+  sparseOffsets.resize(count);
+  const int bytesToRead = static_cast<int>(count * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  if (cache.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(sparseOffsets.data()), bytesToRead) != bytesToRead) {
+    cache.close();
+    sparseOffsets.clear();
+    totalWords = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  cache.close();
+  indexLoaded = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Dictionary::saveCachedIndex(uint32_t idxFileSize) {
+  FsFile cache;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("DICT", CACHE_PATH, cache)) return;
+
+  const uint32_t count = static_cast<uint32_t>(sparseOffsets.size());
+  uint32_t header[4] = {CACHE_MAGIC, idxFileSize, totalWords, count};
+
+  cache.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(header), 16);
+  cache.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(sparseOffsets.data()), count * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  cache.close();
+}
+
+// Scan the .idx file to build a sparse offset table for fast lookups.
+// Records the file offset of every SPARSE_INTERVAL-th entry.
+bool Dictionary::loadIndex(const std::function<void(int percent)>& onProgress,
+                           const std::function<bool()>& shouldCancel) {
+  // Try loading from cache first (nearly instant)
+  if (loadCachedIndex()) return true;
+
+  FsFile idx;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("DICT", IDX_PATH, idx)) return false;
+
+  const uint32_t fileSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(idx.fileSize());
+
+  sparseOffsets.clear();
+  totalWords = 0;
+
+  uint32_t pos = 0;
+  int lastReportedPercent = -1;
+
+  while (pos < fileSize) {
+    if (shouldCancel && (totalWords % 100 == 0) && shouldCancel()) {
+      idx.close();
+      sparseOffsets.clear();
+      totalWords = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (totalWords % SPARSE_INTERVAL == 0) {
+      sparseOffsets.push_back(pos);
+    }
+
+    // Skip word (read until null terminator)
+    int ch;
+    do {
+      ch = idx.read();
+      if (ch < 0) {
+        pos = fileSize;
+        break;
+      }
+      pos++;
+    } while (ch != 0);
+
+    if (pos >= fileSize) break;
+
+    // Skip 8 bytes (4-byte offset + 4-byte size)
+    uint8_t skip[8];
+    if (idx.read(skip, 8) != 8) break;
+    pos += 8;
+
+    totalWords++;
+
+    if (onProgress && fileSize > 0) {
+      int percent = static_cast<int>(static_cast<uint64_t>(pos) * 90 / fileSize);
+      if (percent > lastReportedPercent + 4) {
+        lastReportedPercent = percent;
+        onProgress(percent);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  idx.close();
+  indexLoaded = true;
+
+  // Persist to cache so next boot is instant
+  if (totalWords > 0) saveCachedIndex(fileSize);
+
+  return totalWords > 0;
+}
+
+// Read a null-terminated word string from the current file position.
+std::string Dictionary::readWord(FsFile& file) {
+  std::string word;
+  while (true) {
+    int ch = file.read();
+    if (ch <= 0) break;  // null terminator (0) or error (-1)
+    word += static_cast<char>(ch);
+  }
+  return word;
+}
+
+// Read a definition from the .dict file at the given offset and size.
+std::string Dictionary::readDefinition(uint32_t offset, uint32_t size) {
+  FsFile dict;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("DICT", DICT_PATH, dict)) return "";
+
+  dict.seekSet(offset);
+
+  std::string def(size, '\0');
+  int bytesRead = dict.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&def[0]), size);
+  dict.close();
+
+  if (bytesRead < 0) return "";
+  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(bytesRead) < size) def.resize(bytesRead);
+  return def;
+}
+
+// Binary search the sparse offset table, then linear scan within the matching segment.
+// Uses StarDict's sort order: case-insensitive first, then case-sensitive tiebreaker.
+// The exact match is case-insensitive so e.g. "simple" matches "Simple".
+std::string Dictionary::searchIndex(const std::string& word, const std::function<bool()>& shouldCancel) {
+  if (sparseOffsets.empty()) return "";
+
+  FsFile idx;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("DICT", IDX_PATH, idx)) return "";
+
+  // Binary search the sparse offset table to find the right segment.
+  int lo = 0, hi = static_cast<int>(sparseOffsets.size()) - 1;
+
+  while (lo < hi) {
+    if (shouldCancel && shouldCancel()) {
+      idx.close();
+      return "";
+    }
+
+    int mid = lo + (hi - lo + 1) / 2;
+    idx.seekSet(sparseOffsets[mid]);
+    std::string key = readWord(idx);
+
+    if (stardictCmp(key.c_str(), word.c_str()) <= 0) {
+      lo = mid;
+    } else {
+      hi = mid - 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Linear scan within the segment starting at sparseOffsets[lo].
+  idx.seekSet(sparseOffsets[lo]);
+
+  int maxEntries = SPARSE_INTERVAL;
+  if (lo == static_cast<int>(sparseOffsets.size()) - 1) {
+    maxEntries = static_cast<int>(totalWords - static_cast<uint32_t>(lo) * SPARSE_INTERVAL);
+  }
+
+  // Scan entries, preferring an exact case-sensitive match over a case-insensitive one.
+  // In stardict order, all case variants of a word are adjacent (e.g. "Professor" then "professor"),
+  // and they may have different definitions.  We want the lowercase entry when the user searched
+  // for a lowercase word, falling back to any case variant.
+  uint32_t bestOffset = 0, bestSize = 0;
+  bool found = false;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
+    if (shouldCancel && shouldCancel()) {
+      idx.close();
+      return "";
+    }
+
+    std::string key = readWord(idx);
+    if (key.empty()) break;
+
+    // Read offset and size (4 bytes each, big-endian)
+    uint8_t buf[8];
+    if (idx.read(buf, 8) != 8) break;
+
+    uint32_t dictOffset = (static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[0]) << 24) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[1]) << 16) |
+                          (static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[2]) << 8) | static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[3]);
+    uint32_t dictSize = (static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[4]) << 24) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[5]) << 16) |
+                        (static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[6]) << 8) | static_cast<uint32_t>(buf[7]);
+
+    if (asciiCaseCmp(key.c_str(), word.c_str()) == 0) {
+      // Case-insensitive match — remember the first one as fallback
+      if (!found) {
+        bestOffset = dictOffset;
+        bestSize = dictSize;
+        found = true;
+      }
+      // Exact case-sensitive match — use immediately
+      if (key == word) {
+        idx.close();
+        return readDefinition(dictOffset, dictSize);
+      }
+    } else if (found) {
+      // We've moved past all case variants of this word — stop
+      break;
+    } else if (stardictCmp(key.c_str(), word.c_str()) > 0) {
+      // Past the target in StarDict sort order — stop scanning
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  idx.close();
+  return found ? readDefinition(bestOffset, bestSize) : "";
+}
+
+std::string Dictionary::lookup(const std::string& word, const std::function<void(int percent)>& onProgress,
+                               const std::function<bool()>& shouldCancel) {
+  if (!indexLoaded) {
+    if (!loadIndex(onProgress, shouldCancel)) return "";
+  }
+
+  // searchIndex uses StarDict sort order + case-insensitive match,
+  // so a single pass handles all casing variants.
+  std::string result = searchIndex(word, shouldCancel);
+  if (onProgress) onProgress(100);
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> Dictionary::getStemVariants(const std::string& word) {
+  std::vector<std::string> variants;
+  size_t len = word.size();
+  if (len < 3) return variants;
+
+  auto endsWith = [&word, len](const char* suffix) {
+    size_t slen = strlen(suffix);
+    return len >= slen && word.compare(len - slen, slen, suffix) == 0;
+  };
+
+  auto add = [&variants](const std::string& s) {
+    if (s.size() >= 2) variants.push_back(s);
+  };
+
+  // Plurals (longer suffixes first to avoid partial matches)
+  if (endsWith("sses")) add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+  if (endsWith("ses")) add(word.substr(0, len - 2) + "is");  // analyses -> analysis
+  if (endsWith("ies")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "y");
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));  // dies -> die, ties -> tie
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ves")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "f");   // wolves -> wolf
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "fe");  // knives -> knife
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 1));          // misgives -> misgive
+  }
+  if (endsWith("men")) add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "man");  // firemen -> fireman
+  if (endsWith("es") && !endsWith("sses") && !endsWith("ies") && !endsWith("ves")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 1));
+  }
+  if (endsWith("s") && !endsWith("ss") && !endsWith("us") && !endsWith("es")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 1));
+  }
+
+  // Past tense
+  if (endsWith("ied")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "y");
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 1));
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ed") && !endsWith("ied")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 1));
+    if (len > 4 && word[len - 3] == word[len - 4]) {
+      add(word.substr(0, len - 3));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Progressive
+  if (endsWith("ying")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4) + "ie");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ing") && !endsWith("ying")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");
+    if (len > 5 && word[len - 4] == word[len - 5]) {
+      add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Adverb
+  if (endsWith("ically")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 6) + "ic");  // historically -> historic
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4));          // basically -> basic
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ally") && !endsWith("ically")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4) + "al");  // accidentally -> accidental
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));          // naturally -> natur... (fallback to -ly strip)
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ily") && !endsWith("ally")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "y");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ly") && !endsWith("ily") && !endsWith("ally")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+  }
+
+  // Comparative / superlative
+  if (endsWith("ier")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "y");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("er") && !endsWith("ier")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 1));
+    if (len > 4 && word[len - 3] == word[len - 4]) {
+      add(word.substr(0, len - 3));
+    }
+  }
+  if (endsWith("iest")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4) + "y");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("est") && !endsWith("iest")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+    if (len > 5 && word[len - 4] == word[len - 5]) {
+      add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Derivational suffixes
+  if (endsWith("ness")) add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+  if (endsWith("ment")) add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+  if (endsWith("ful")) add(word.substr(0, len - 3));
+  if (endsWith("less")) add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+  if (endsWith("able")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4) + "e");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ible")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4) + "e");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ation")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 5));           // information -> inform
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 5) + "e");     // exploration -> explore
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 5) + "ate");   // donation -> donate
+  }
+  if (endsWith("tion") && !endsWith("ation")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 4) + "te");  // completion -> complete
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));          // action -> act
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");   // reduction -> reduce
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ion") && !endsWith("tion")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));          // revision -> revis (-> revise via +e)
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");   // revision -> revise
+  }
+  if (endsWith("al") && !endsWith("ial")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2) + "e");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ial")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ous")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));          // dangerous -> danger
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");   // famous -> fame
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ive")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));          // active -> act
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");   // creative -> create
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ize")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));          // modernize -> modern
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("ise")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3));          // advertise -> advert
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 3) + "e");
+  }
+  if (endsWith("en")) {
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2));          // darken -> dark
+    add(word.substr(0, len - 2) + "e");   // widen -> wide
+  }
+
+  // Prefix removal
+  if (len > 5 && word.compare(0, 2, "un") == 0) add(word.substr(2));
+  if (len > 6 && word.compare(0, 3, "dis") == 0) add(word.substr(3));
+  if (len > 6 && word.compare(0, 3, "mis") == 0) add(word.substr(3));
+  if (len > 6 && word.compare(0, 3, "pre") == 0) add(word.substr(3));
+  if (len > 7 && word.compare(0, 4, "over") == 0) add(word.substr(4));
+  if (len > 5 && word.compare(0, 2, "re") == 0) add(word.substr(2));
+
+  // Deduplicate while preserving insertion order (inflectional stems first, prefixes last)
+  std::vector<std::string> deduped;
+  for (const auto& v : variants) {
+    if (std::find(deduped.begin(), deduped.end(), v) != deduped.end()) continue;
+    // cppcheck-suppress useStlAlgorithm
+    deduped.push_back(v);
+  }
+  return deduped;
+}
+
+int Dictionary::editDistance(const std::string& a, const std::string& b, int maxDist) {
+  int m = static_cast<int>(a.size());
+  int n = static_cast<int>(b.size());
+  if (std::abs(m - n) > maxDist) return maxDist + 1;
+
+  std::vector<int> dp(n + 1);
+  for (int j = 0; j <= n; j++) dp[j] = j;
+
+  for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
+    int prev = dp[0];
+    dp[0] = i;
+    int rowMin = dp[0];
+    for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
+      int temp = dp[j];
+      if (a[i - 1] == b[j - 1]) {
+        dp[j] = prev;
+      } else {
+        dp[j] = 1 + std::min({prev, dp[j], dp[j - 1]});
+      }
+      prev = temp;
+      if (dp[j] < rowMin) rowMin = dp[j];
+    }
+    if (rowMin > maxDist) return maxDist + 1;
+  }
+  return dp[n];
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> Dictionary::findSimilar(const std::string& word, int maxResults) {
+  if (!indexLoaded || sparseOffsets.empty()) return {};
+
+  FsFile idx;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("DICT", IDX_PATH, idx)) return {};
+
+  // Binary search to find the segment containing or nearest to the word
+  int lo = 0, hi = static_cast<int>(sparseOffsets.size()) - 1;
+  while (lo < hi) {
+    int mid = lo + (hi - lo + 1) / 2;
+    idx.seekSet(sparseOffsets[mid]);
+    std::string key = readWord(idx);
+    if (stardictCmp(key.c_str(), word.c_str()) <= 0) {
+      lo = mid;
+    } else {
+      hi = mid - 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Scan entries from the segment before through the segment after the target
+  int startSeg = std::max(0, lo - 1);
+  int endSeg = std::min(static_cast<int>(sparseOffsets.size()) - 1, lo + 1);
+  idx.seekSet(sparseOffsets[startSeg]);
+
+  int totalToScan = (endSeg - startSeg + 1) * SPARSE_INTERVAL;
+  int remaining = static_cast<int>(totalWords) - startSeg * SPARSE_INTERVAL;
+  if (totalToScan > remaining) totalToScan = remaining;
+
+  int maxDist = std::max(2, static_cast<int>(word.size()) / 3 + 1);
+
+  struct Candidate {
+    std::string text;
+    int distance;
+  };
+  std::vector<Candidate> candidates;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < totalToScan; i++) {
+    std::string key = readWord(idx);
+    if (key.empty()) break;
+
+    uint8_t skip[8];
+    if (idx.read(skip, 8) != 8) break;
+
+    if (key == word) continue;
+    int dist = editDistance(key, word, maxDist);
+    if (dist <= maxDist) {
+      candidates.push_back({key, dist});
+    }
+  }
+
+  idx.close();
+
+  std::sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end(),
+            [](const Candidate& a, const Candidate& b) { return a.distance < b.distance; });
+
+  std::vector<std::string> results;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < candidates.size() && static_cast<int>(results.size()) < maxResults; i++) {
+    results.push_back(candidates[i].text);
+  }
+  return results;
+}

src/util/Dictionary.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+class FsFile;
+
+class Dictionary {
+ public:
+  static bool exists();
+  static bool cacheExists();
+  static void deleteCache();
+  static std::string lookup(const std::string& word, const std::function<void(int percent)>& onProgress = nullptr,
+                            const std::function<bool()>& shouldCancel = nullptr);
+  static std::string cleanWord(const std::string& word);
+  static std::vector<std::string> getStemVariants(const std::string& word);
+  static std::vector<std::string> findSimilar(const std::string& word, int maxResults = 6);
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr int SPARSE_INTERVAL = 512;
+
+  static std::vector<uint32_t> sparseOffsets;
+  static uint32_t totalWords;
+  static bool indexLoaded;
+
+  static bool loadIndex(const std::function<void(int percent)>& onProgress, const std::function<bool()>& shouldCancel);
+  static bool loadCachedIndex();
+  static void saveCachedIndex(uint32_t idxFileSize);
+  static std::string searchIndex(const std::string& word, const std::function<bool()>& shouldCancel);
+  static std::string readWord(FsFile& file);
+  static std::string readDefinition(uint32_t offset, uint32_t size);
+  static int editDistance(const std::string& a, const std::string& b, int maxDist);
+};

src/util/LookupHistory.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include "LookupHistory.h"
+
+#include <HalStorage.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+std::string LookupHistory::filePath(const std::string& cachePath) { return cachePath + "/lookups.txt"; }
+
+bool LookupHistory::hasHistory(const std::string& cachePath) {
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("LKH", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool nonEmpty = f.available() > 0;
+  f.close();
+  return nonEmpty;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> LookupHistory::load(const std::string& cachePath) {
+  std::vector<std::string> words;
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForRead("LKH", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    return words;
+  }
+
+  std::string line;
+  while (f.available() && static_cast<int>(words.size()) < MAX_ENTRIES) {
+    char c;
+    if (f.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&c), 1) != 1) break;
+    if (c == '\n') {
+      if (!line.empty()) {
+        words.push_back(line);
+        line.clear();
+      }
+    } else {
+      line += c;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!line.empty() && static_cast<int>(words.size()) < MAX_ENTRIES) {
+    words.push_back(line);
+  }
+  f.close();
+  return words;
+}
+
+void LookupHistory::removeWord(const std::string& cachePath, const std::string& word) {
+  if (word.empty()) return;
+
+  auto existing = load(cachePath);
+
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("LKH", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& w : existing) {
+    if (w != word) {
+      f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(w.c_str()), w.size());
+      f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>("\n"), 1);
+    }
+  }
+  f.close();
+}
+
+void LookupHistory::addWord(const std::string& cachePath, const std::string& word) {
+  if (word.empty()) return;
+
+  // Check if already present
+  auto existing = load(cachePath);
+  if (std::any_of(existing.begin(), existing.end(), [&word](const std::string& w) { return w == word; })) return;
+
+  // Cap at max entries
+  if (static_cast<int>(existing.size()) >= MAX_ENTRIES) return;
+
+  FsFile f;
+  if (!Storage.openFileForWrite("LKH", filePath(cachePath), f)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Rewrite existing entries plus new one
+  for (const auto& w : existing) {
+    f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(w.c_str()), w.size());
+    f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>("\n"), 1);
+  }
+  f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(word.c_str()), word.size());
+  f.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>("\n"), 1);
+  f.close();
+}

src/util/LookupHistory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+class LookupHistory {
+ public:
+  static std::vector<std::string> load(const std::string& cachePath);
+  static void addWord(const std::string& cachePath, const std::string& word);
+  static void removeWord(const std::string& cachePath, const std::string& word);
+  static bool hasHistory(const std::string& cachePath);
+
+ private:
+  static std::string filePath(const std::string& cachePath);
+  static constexpr int MAX_ENTRIES = 500;
+};